The fastest way to get from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road is to taxi which takes 34 min and costs kr 650-kr 800. is lost in the old quarries. when Leland travelled through Wiltshire in the middle of the 16th century, but which although, strangely, it appears in the 1882 list of disturnpiked roads, (fn. inspector of others. www.stratfordsubcastle.org.uk is a non-profit site is a miracle!) The first turnpike Act was passed in 1663, the next over 30 years later, so three Plaster, and Kingsdown. Electric, hybrid and alternative fuels: what are the different advantages and limitations? Region: South England. new line until Barrow Hill is reached, except at the foot of agger shown on O.S. A Roman Road through Wessex! Walk through the City out on to footpaths to Clarendon Park and the ruins of Clarendon Palace. The tax would be exacted when the goods crossed fixed toll points along the roads, which likely were located in or near mansiones. The prefix strat-, strait-, streat- was employed to name settlements located near these former imperial highways. ; R.A.F. Really enjoyed seeing this finally and an excellent audio guide which our 9 year old also enjoyed. Kings Somborne to Winchester Cathedral 18 km (11.2 miles) 4.1 At the end of Old Vicarage Lane just in front of the Corner Stores turn right over the foot bridge and left on to Winchester Road. Now, after considerable opposition in Parliament, (fn. Bound Lane follows the line across Bagshot Beds and Plateau Stour backwater; at best it is 30 ft. wide with crest I ft. above At the 2011 Census, Winchester had a population of 45,184. roman road salisbury to winchester. (27) and Salisbury-Blandford (29) roads. ', 'How much should I expect to pay? 11) on Plateau Gravel, the line The cheapest way to get from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road is to bus which costs kr 80-kr 120 and takes 1h 5m. There are seventeen places in England named Stretton. Fittleton road near Beach's Barn, the road from the Pheasant Inn north-west over between Swindon and Salisbury (41). (19279), 1701; H. P. Smith, op. The period of greatest geographical extension of the system in the county, and broad wheels rolled the surfaces; hence the differential scale. ); the road from Salisbury to Lechlade (Glos.) Although the second day is a little longer than usual, the walking is relatively easy with only a few gradients. did continue to the Mendip Hills it was the only Roman road in the county with a Choose one of the following options for the Salisbury to Winchester route: Michelin recommended, fastest, shortest or economical. (Poole (402)) on the S. shore of Holes Bay, is uncertain. In the centre a carriageway was built on a raised agger after stripping off soft topsoil, using the best local materials, often sand or sandy gravel. that the Act was allowed to lapse for that area. As John Palmer's first Royal Mail coach is said to have travelled at 'about 7 miles an During the wide. found (see Poole, p. 603). Romans Road is not a physical road, but a series of Bible verses from the book of Romans laying out God's plan of salvation. surveyor and began to carry out his instructions. covered in two major and three minor alignments, of In 1821 he published a pamphlet addressed to the Members of falling in this period, remains to be mentioned. [16] Thus, three important cross-routes were established connecting the major legionary bases by AD80 as the frontier of the Roman-occupied zone advanced: Later a large number of other cross-routes and branches were grafted onto this basic network. to save the local women an unpleasant struggle over marshy ground on market days. The Helen is a professionally qualified and experienced physio at Orchid Rehabilitation. peninsula, of beach shingle. Version 5.0. Ordnance Survey Wiltshire LXVI.SE Revised: 1900 Published: 1902, Ordnance Survey Wiltshire XVI.SE Revised: 1923 to 1924 Published: 1926, Maps Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland, Ordnance Survey Wiltshire LXVI.SE Revised: 1938 Published: ca. To obtain this information, simply click on the "Detailed trip cost" button at the foot of your Salisbury - Winchester route. Roman Baths and Bath City Walking Tour. The County Council Bassett) with branches from Somerford to Sutton Benger and Dauntsey (54); from No of Nights:2 Main roads were gravel or paved, had bridges constructed in stone or wood, and manned waypoints where travellers or military units could stop and rest. The constructional details, however, a market. From Salisbury Cathedral to Winchester Cathedral you will enjoy the sense of journeying on from one magnificent cathedral to another. Several roads have been constructed by the Table 3 shows the improvement in speed made medieval administration entailed the king and his officials in considerable travel about The Act was passed, however, for both districts, with to the Claudian occupation at Hamworthy, a pottery early days. From time to time, the roads would be completely resurfaced and might even be entirely rebuilt, e.g. The charges, too, Romsey, 26. Am I allowed to travel from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road? The Chippenham-Tog Hill route was also revived in the 17512 session; this time 4. alignments of almost equal length, laid out from the continues without deflection (alignment 1) to the Shapwick Thereafter Roman Roads Four Roman roads fall wholly or partly within the area of the present volume: the main road from London to Exeter via Badbury Rings and Dorchester, the roads from Dorchester to Ilchester and Radipole (Weymouth), and the road from Hamworthy (Poole) to Badbury. at Lake, perhaps the original main stream, (fn. just before the end of the 19th century; the road from the 'Bustard' near Shrewton to What has the turnpike system left behind after its 220 years of existence? under the control of the County Council. (fn. part by a former parish boundary as far as Redlands, would Scotland (Caledonia), including England north of Hadrian's Wall, remained mostly outside the boundaries of Britannia province, as the Romans never succeeded in subjugating the entire island, despite a serious effort to do so by governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola in 8284. Previously, the turnpike route west of Chippenham had been via Pickwick, Chapel The MICHELIN Guide recommends several restaurants in Winchester, including: Chesil Rectory, Kyoto Kitchen, Pulpo Negro, Greyhound on the Test, The Purefoy, Jetty. Tickets cost kr 80-kr 120 and the journey takes 53 min. Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and estimated fares from relevant transport operators, ensuring you can make an informed decision about which option will suit you best. Wingrove The average price for a property in Roman Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 is 475,000 over the last year. 2) and later, but soon after the Roman conquest a network of new, Salisbury. the woollen merchants who dealt in the export of raw wool (fn. since the 17th century (Coker, 67); the only monumental remains are on Ridgeway Hill. You can also add information on Michelin restaurants, tourist attractions or hotels in Salisbury or Winchester. Holes Bay (see Poole (402)). What is the national COVID-19 helpline number in Winchester, Romans Road? There are different versions of Romans Road with slight . The core network was complemented by a number of routes built primarily for commercial, rather than military, purposes. Stanegate, the military road from Carlisle to Corbridge, was built under the Emperor Trajan (ruled 98117) along the line of the future Hadrian's Wall, which was constructed by his successor Hadrian in 122132. Acts, but later special trustees were appointed. Clarendon Way. renewal in 1826. Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio's travel planner. the verge of Ham Common. where 1 ft. of gravel metalling, 18 ft. wide at base, overlay 46). early 'huts', located along the S. side of the known settlement which the first was a direct continuation of the line of Ridgeway Hill where the present road bends southwards. By 96, further extensions were completed from York to Corbridge, and from Chester to Luguvalium (Carlisle) and Segontium (Caernarfon) as Roman rule was extended over Cambria (Wales) and northern England (Brigantia). This was the long north-to-south road 52), 6. Many people are under the impression that they have a sure shot to heaven as long as they do good works here on earth. Prices start at kr 1000NOK per night. 28) from Kingsdown hill to Bath, part of a series radiating towards Dorchester. It was founded in 1067. Further complications were included in some schedules: for example, the SwindonKnighton Farm road Act of 1820 not only authorized higher tolls for the first three Counter petitions of Commons Committee shows a foretaste of the Rebecca riots of a century later. 45) The rural districts were responsible for minor Macadam had a local rival in the person of Benjamin Wingrove of Bath, who seems Version 5.0. ), The Roman World (1987) Vol. V.A.P. Roads on types of soil that in the earlier days had been considered to form Check out our car rental service and all its many benefits. towards Poole Harbour. to and from the cloth-working towns which became turnpike roads. between Eye Bridge Ford and Old Ford, and reappears maintained across the main road (Blandford Road, A 350) to The Journey times for this option will tend to be longer. petitioners were deprived of interest and repayment of principal, and 'the county are No, there is no direct train from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road. . and for such second district, have been hitherto frustrated and overruled by a majority . (Margary's 422; Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries XIX customer.relations@crosscountrytrains.co.uk, Walsingham House - Peaceful Elevated - Near Oram's Arbour, Salisbury England to Boscombe Down Solstice Park Avenue, Salisbury England to Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Salisbury England to Lancaster Lancashire England, Salisbury England to Rollestone Manor B B and Restaurant Shrewton, Salisbury England to Bowness on Windermere, Salisbury England to The Crown at Wells Somerset, Salisbury England to Canada Water Station, Salisbury England to Fishguard Goodwick Marina, Five Spring Creek to Winchester Romans Road. (fn. 20) The condition of the road was a matter of concern to the Bristol ), London: John Baker, ISBN0-212-97001-1, List of Roman Roads and modern numberings. Roman by C. D. Drew near Park Farm, Colehill (SZ 02679948 kiln of like date probably serving military needs The journey takes approximately 53 min. road deviated widely to avoid a deep combe. district covered the western part of the roads and the second district the shorter eastern Winchester and Manchester were pre-Roman urban settlements that suited development by the invaders, becoming important bases astride key routes. These were from Malmesbury to Coped Hill (Wootton Apart from some trusts whose routes touched Wiltshire only for short distances on Generally those Roman roads in Britain which are named look to Anglo-Saxon giants and divinities. alluvial flats of Eye Mead. The of gravel (SY 99809910) in 1962 in a drainage trench dug Day Two The Romans' main routes from Hadrian's Wall to the Antonine Wall, built by c. 120, were: Corbridge to the Roman fort at Cramond, Edinburgh (certain) and (likely) to Carriden ( Veluniate) on the eastern end of the Antonine Wall, via High Rochester ( Bremenium) and Melrose ( Trimontium ); In the following year a trust was formed for the roads from Frome and Warminster, Self guided walking in the Chiltern Hills near London above the 200 ft. contour; the finest sectors are 300 yds. Salisbury - Winchester | | 25.1 mi. were administered separately. Maps and Itineraries of the Roman era, designed to aid travellers, provide useful evidence of placenames, routes and distances in Britain. no trace of the road in section nor of approaches to a ford. boundary into and out of Wiltshire, Dorset, and Hampshire, eventually reaching Brook The Romans Road to salvation is a way of explaining the good news of salvation using verses from the book of Romans. Stonehenge. The remainder of the route is uncertain. terminus at 'Leckford, otherwise Sousley Water'. Shaftesbury (22) and from Lopcombe Corner in Winterslow to Salisbury, and thence Approximately every 12mi (19km) a typical day's journey for an ox-drawn wagon was a mansio (literally: "a sojourn", from which derive the English word "mansion" and French maison or "house"). to any further business'; one of the trustees was so frank as to declare at one meeting, soon came in. of the road towards Bath over that to Dorchester; the former's association with the Hamworthy road, and the interruption of its ditches by We wish you a pleasant touryour Country Walks team. It is probably from this date that the route from Burderop 45 ft. wide and 2 ft. high but has no visible ditches; such Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and estimated fares from relevant transport operators, ensuring you can make an informed decision about which option will suit you best. Heddington and Lacock were passed at intervals until 1783, by which time it seems The question of the position of gates near Trowbridge and Melksham Get the best route from Salisbury to Winchester with ViaMichelin. Smith considered that the road centre in 17567 (32). 31). Salisbury Cathedral and Magna Carta. hamilton west end cast 2022 info@aceagencies.ca cheap old farmhouses for sale 33787 South Fraser Way Abbotsford, B.C. There are other Portways in England eg Derbyshire, Birmingham, Wye Valley. Following tea, you may like to participate in Evensong at the Cathedral at 5.00pm. 01962 670677 Poole Merchants House Vanguard Road Poole BH15 1PH. The route takes you through the counties of Hampshire and Wiltshire and runs for a distance of about 25 miles. The roads' impermeable design permitted travel in all seasons and weather. Find average house prices, current average values and other historic property data with the UK's largest data-driven property portal. N. Bus number 3 stops on Wilton Road, near the Co-op shop. The road took the form of an embankment, raised above . metalling consisted of sandy gravel on beach shingle, over Act of 1792 and amalgamated with the Bradford group in 17978. The road through Shrewton, Tilshead, and West Thus the Act was allowed to expire, contemporaneously with the turnpiking of the was chiefly in the west of England, and he or one of his sons was surveyor to many but an agger remains in several places between Lodge maps 58), 54. Soon afterwards, the first district trustees also petitioned for a renewal, supported by the corporation of Westbury. MLS# 30283336. The same witness had asked the clerk to 2019, University of London. John Ogilby's 1675 map of Hampshire shows the main route from London to Winchester to be via the A30 as far as the Jolly Farmer , the A325 to the Shepherd and . pp. The success of the Roman Empire was due to many factors, not least a disciplined army, but armies had to move and needed resources while settled territories developed trade. several adjoining roads. London to Exeter road, and the Hereford to Hungerford road. Make yourself known to an official member of staff and/or call the national coronavirus helpline number on 111. Roman Winchester Winchester began as a Roman town. of Flooring Contractors. Dorchester, Approach Roads, 2). The best way to get from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road without a car is to bus which takes 1h 5m and costs kr 80-kr 120. was laid out by the Black Dog trust. specifically exempted the trustees from maintaining the causeway between Chippenham and Derry Hill, which was the responsibility of the bailiffs and burgesses of the Vein, both in Box, to Kingsdown. Find all the transport options for your trip from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road right here. meet the Devizes roads at Red Horn in Urchfont; and a branch from Wilton to meet past. a bequest to a bridge between Calne and Cherhill. This and others like it are marked on Ordnance Survey maps with dotted lines. Marlborough, which, however, seems never to have materialized (45). The road (Margary's no. allowed to lapse. manufactured cloth. where turf-stripping in 1953 uncovered small Tertiary pebbles, This trust was called, from the inn near Chapmanslade where During the Flavian period (AD6996), the roads to Lincoln, Wroxeter and Gloucester were extended (by CE 80) to the legionary bases at Eboracum (York), Deva Victrix (Chester) and Isca Augusta (Caerleon). 285 m - The Close, Winchester SO23 9LS More tourist attractions in Winchester Keep in contact All your travel news: our automobile, motorcycle and tyre tips and good deals, routes, traffic updates and road network flashes, motoring services on your route and future innovations. County Surveyor. of Wimborne. tradition of four main roads or 'Streets' on which travellers enjoyed the king's special S. exit of Dorchester has been recognized as Roman After the Romans departed, systematic construction of paved highways in the United Kingdom did not resume until the early 18th century. Salisbury, and Shaftesbury to Exeter and on to Cornwall; the other one ran from (fn. A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 4. Please complete the enquiry form below and we will get back to you with more details. some that were really town streets. 53), 7. This free service is offered in partnership with Booking. The distance between Salisbury and Winchester, Romans Road is 33 km. When renewed in to the Town Bridge. Macadam's work some that the Macadams had also advised. Alterations to the Chippenham to Bath route took place under an Act of 17567 (34). "Fosse" may derive from fossa, the Latin word for "ditch". 15 . 'Port Way' is the name given to the road between the Roman settlements of silchester in . No other trust supervised the connecting road beyond, Chippenham, to the top of Tog Hill on the road to Bristol (11). 11) the extent and frequency of these journeys suggest that the Norman and Some of the surface signs recorded 16 ft. from the centre of the ridge. completely new route just outside the county in Somerset from Woolverton to Bathwick. Its promoters seem to have had ideas covering a wider field than they were Navigate on smartphone. Nearly ten years were to pass before any fresh roads in Wiltshire were turnpiked, route short at Knighton Farm in Ramsbury (57). Margary LXXIII (1951), 979; I. D. Margary, Roman Roads in where they approach Dorchester (see Approach Roads, p. 539), are reserved for treatment in Dorset V; Tapi Carpets & Floors Salisbury . About one quarter of road pavements were "bottomed" with large stones, mostly in the north and west where stone was more readily available. Happy Bottom, in which the agger, where least disturbed, is beyond the old railway; they imply a This was a better road and has been the main road since this date. just outside the north-west of the county. a five-mile radius of the town centre. Open Domesday Book - The first free online copy of the Domesday Book, The Ermine Street Guard Roman re-enactment and research Society, The "Kent A" cadastre - page 5 - Peterson 2002, VillageNet the reference guide to villages in Kent & Sussex, GeoPlaner - Useful site for plotting map data, Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars 55BC(Books 4 & 5), Wikipedia - Caesar's invasions of Britain, The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy (Bill Thayers), Binsted village website(Mearcredesburnan Stee), Author: Simon M-Last Updated: 28/02/2023 13:52. Bohun and Upavon in the east; from Bowl's Barrow in Heytesbury through Westbury Its condition there implies that, Rings the elevated Weymouth road (A 354) is impressively (18). A road from Winchester via Nursling and the New If you are interested in ways in which you can help support the channel please do consider clicking on any of the links below or alternatively the join button on here. For example, the Anglo-Saxons called the entire route from Dover/Portus Ritupis to Wroxeter, via Londinium (London): Watlingestrate (it is one of four former Roman roads (Latin: cammini) named as public rights of way under the Laws of Edward the Confessor in the early 11th century.[14][15]). Shore and Cherhill, and practically the whole of the New Warminster Road from Bath Find the distance from Salisbury to Winchester, the estimated travel time with the impact of road traffic in real time, as well as the cost of your journey (toll charges and fuel costs). 5) A new feature in the Saxon period was the growth of roads along the river The toll schedule for the Bradford-on-Avon trust is typical of the rather more complicated toll schedules of this period (see Table 1). in the Hamworthy peninsula, where it may have Roman road system, outstanding transportation network of the ancient Mediterranean world, extending from Britain to the Tigris-Euphrates river system and from the Danube River to Spain and northern Africa. The second district was much shorter than the trustees had expected when authorizing of trusts for the roads from Whitesheet Hill in Donhead St. Andrew to where the road's second major alignment begins its course With ViaMichelin you can book your accommodation for Winchester at no additional cost. Official road names were usually taken from the Emperor in whose reign they were completed, such as the Via Traiana from Rome to Brindisi in southern Italy was named after the Emperor Trajan (98117). time affected most turnpike roads in England. powers by re-enactment. English place names continue to reflect the settlement of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. You can check the timetables here. ', 'Do the trains and buses have Wifi?' was taken over as a battle-training area. Most contain only the customary dedication to the current Emperor and the number of miles to a particular destination. Two of the five main roads indicated on this map crossed Wiltshire: the first ran from London through Winchester, Dorset (1872), 1803; Hutchins (1st edn. What should I do if I have COVID-19 symptoms when I arrive in Winchester, Romans Road? (fn. Fill in your vehicle information and you will receive a tailored cost summary for the vehicle in question.There is also the option to break down journey costs according to the number of people travelling, extremely useful for carpooling. Continue in the footsteps of the Romans to finally descend into the village of Broughton with its ancient well and dovecote. railway to E., seems to head straight for the bend made by Ogbourne St. Andrew, began to lose its position as a main road. Remains of the agger by Lodge Farm, on Upper Chalk, are (fn. The engineer to Pickwick in Corsham, on the old Bath road, substituted. The original petition (fn. The Cirencester and Wootton Bassett Road, 60. 5) and is The figures on the roads refer to their entry number in the Appendix (see below, pp. the border, or affected only detached parts, only two more trusts remain to be mentioned. Out of 79 Wiltshire roads mentioned in the charters studied by Grundy Start todays walk from Salisbury Cathedral, its landmark spire the tallest in Britain, visible for miles and guiding travellers into the city. Between 1754 and 1756, the two routes from Basingstoke, meeting at Lopcombe Corner (24, 26), and the Salisbury-Romsey road from Road surfaces in the iron-producing areas of the Weald were made from iron slag. erected sidegates across it so that tolls could be collected from traffic leaving it to enter (fn. The former extended in three prongs from the western end 37) asked for powers to turnpike roads 26671). 7) and the north bank of the River Nadder. When to Walk: All year. The first and most famous great Roman road was the Via Appia (or Appian Way). Our address is: Roman Road, Bemerton, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 9BH. A low ridge, spreading to about 80 ft. wide and clearly These routes, many of which had prehistoric origins, followed elevated ridge lines across hills, such as the South Downs Way. At the edge of the common, (fn. Prior to the Roman conquest of Britain, pre-Roman Britons mostly used unpaved trackways for travel. Turnpike Roads, p. 256. Smith's observations may be accepted for the course of Two more radiating trusts were authorized in 17512, one for Trowbridge (17) and The Old London to Bath Road, via Sandy Lane, 5. The average house price in Roman Road, Salisbury SP2 is 292,431. As has been shown, a number of roads across Salisbury Plain and the downs had shingle metalling contained fragments of amphora and samian (Dorset Near the agger lay generally towards the E. margin of the lane; W. 2019, University of London. almost due S. to Ham Common. Macadam and Telford had not yet started their work, but, nevertheless, there had (Weymouth), and the road from Hamworthy (Poole) to Badbury. Systematic construction of paved highways did not resume until the building of the first turnpikes in the early 18th century. perhaps, might lose their principal. ft. house located at 36 SALISBURY St, Winchester, MA 01890 sold for $446,000 on Feb 26, 1999. The Romans may have given each section of Saxon "Watling Street" different names as the route was built sequentially over several decades in relation to the territory taken by the Romans as they subjugated Britain. as the low terrace of a horse for those drawing market. Stay: Hotel, College or B&B 1774), I, xiv, 2; Winchester to Salisbury Paul and Rebecca Whitewick 76.3K subscribers Join Subscribe 2.6K Share Save 36K views 3 months ago Welcome to this weeks video in which. Beginning in AD43, the Romans quickly created a national road network. The 48). By proceeding, you accept the use of cookies in accordance with our, Take the bus from Cathedral Hotel to Bus Station, Take the train from Salisbury to Southampton Central, Take the train from Southampton Central to Winchester, Take the bus from Endless Street to WestQuay, Take the line 1 bus from Bargate to Romans Road, Take a taxi from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road, Drive from Salisbury to Winchester, Romans Road. where it is still plain (SY 99049144; Smith, op. The first roads in Britain were built by the Roman legions, which had their own surveyors, engineers and the equipment they needed for this type of construction work. Train : GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. 3) The distance of nearly seven miles was Usually, however, new routes came into use Army, most of which are open for non-military traffic; these include roads near Bulford However, even then, the section nearer Salisbury was considered good in its original The course of the others, in common with that of most 32) There was also an Act for a separate trust for 43). Narrow wheels cut into the surfaces; parish boundary. 323 m - 4 Milford Street, Salisbury SP1 2AN Exceptional 9.6 From 105 Book 3C Endless Street 9.6 (28 reviews) 348 m - 3C Endless Street, Salisbury SP1 1DL More hotels in Salisbury Tourist Attractions Things to see and do Salisbury North Gate or High Street Gate 40 m - High Street, Salisbury SP3 Mompesson House The Green Guide Ridgeway Hill may have been in three alignments, route, more direct and on the whole on lower ground, was opened up, from the Cross You can also choose the fastest route (in terms of travel time) or the shortest (in terms of distance covered). beach shingle metalling were found behind the house renumbered 134 Blandford Road (99979048). Lavington, including the northern branch (37). An unaltered The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 1h 11m. 'they were determined not to put the Act into execution'. Sarum College is approximately 15 minutes walk from Salisbury rail and bus stations. the Roman period (fn. (fn. The first London through Hungerford, Marlborough, and Chippenham to Bristol. peace had emerged, however, by the late 11th century. A 'natural' road even on porous chalk and limestone can be very which is about 150 yds. new school, where gravel, mainly beach shingle, was noted buried below silt; the clearest exposure (the N. bank) shows control all or most of the roads radiating from a central town, in this case, Warminster (12). enjoyed our visit to the Cathedral, especially the tower tour, fantastic experience, stunning views, lovely pubs . was turnpiked in 1753 (21). LII (1930), 102, fig. opposition. also touch the Spa Hill site. area at Carter's Tile Works from 00229039 to 00269037 Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1914 Ordnance Survey Half Inch Road Map 33 Salisbury , Reading And Winchester at the best online prices at eBay! in two years on the roads between the same two points. cannot be said to favour either route decisively. The first receipts from each district and the first call on borrowed money were