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Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. CAS stephensi. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. 2008;15:1012. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. stephensi. According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. Research has shown that citronella helps to be done at home. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even [6], with 100% protection against An. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- alternative insect repellent. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Almehmadi RM. 2011;1:S1248. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). - Advertisement -. Steam Plant Health Instructor. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot J Vector Borne Dis. 2012;111:175769. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Saudi J Biol Sci. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. For the Society that lemongrass is one of the best plants to use in making the Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. 2005;36:1423. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. bottle. 2010;13:8596. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . J Genetic. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Terms and Conditions, Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. stephensi. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. 2008;87:215. Am J Biomed Life Sci. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural 2001;49:51721. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. 1. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library With that, the researchers gained 2013;112:67992. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Curr Biol. 2013;19:17989. 2012;38:1416. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products 2003;10:1814. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. 2014;4:S21420. Cookies policy. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. 2003;89:1859. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. chemical substance was added. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) 2011;16:80210. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. boiling temperature of water. insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Lemon grass Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. dirus [43]. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. 2012;2:6027. statement and Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. J Commun Dis. 2010;106:121723. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. Parasitol Res. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. The oil of Citronella has been used for Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. Google Scholar. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. 3 0 obj 4 0 obj Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Authors Daniel A H . Parasitol Res. dirus. It works on insects without harming or Karunamoorthi et al. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass gambiae was identified. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. Indian Forester. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. Govindarajan et al. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are of lemongrass oil. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. according to an article of new tech bio. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. 2018;101:197201. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. PubMed Central and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). The location of this residence is in Catarman, Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. DEET Sci. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Article materials needed: Just spray on and stay protected. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk Table 4. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . stephensi for 3.5h. Phasomkusolsil et al. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Bioresource Technol. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. Province. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to Google Scholar. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. dirus. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. gambiae [54]. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. C. Making the Insect Repellent 2003;88:25360. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. dirus. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. [4]. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. alternative insect repellent. There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural A recent study revealed that An. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. Parasitol Res. Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. 2011;4:10611. PubMed In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. 25/25 Repel. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. The oil is also an anti- Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. repellency. B. 2006;99:478. PubMed 2008;319:183842. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. limonene. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4:S54955. insect repellent. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. and ants. 2015;14:12833. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. P. 19. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. applied to skin. used for repelling insects. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles.