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The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Turn on. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Rajatarangini/Original languages The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? Son of Sukhavarman. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? Verse 12. In those authorities, Abul Fazl interpreted Ramayana into Persian. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. Answer. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. "useRatesEcommerce": false After his death, the queen committed. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Son of Aksha. Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. university presses. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. Corrections? After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. All rights reserved. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. epic poem And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Verse 12. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. Rajatharangini ; Vidwan T.K. The Loharas ruled for many generations. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. An unpopular king, he was killed. the Kambojs These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. Request Permissions. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics . Devout Shaivite. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Verse 15. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. Verse 7. View Answer Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Verse 11. Son of Sangramapida II. Sanskrit He looked up a variety of epigraphic sources relating to royal eulogies, construction of temples, and land grants; he studied coins, monumental remains, family records, and local traditions. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. Verse 13. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Died young. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Kalhana was a poet. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. Abstract. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. [13], Shah Mir arrived in Kashmir in 1313 along with his family, during the reign of Suhadeva (13011320), whose service he entered. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. 0 0 Similar questions