Execution By Sawing Video, Mccook Community College, Articles D

Demonstrative adjectives describe nouns. (They always wanted to taste this). Spanish demonstrative pronouns are the same words as demonstrative adjectives, with the difference that they can only work as thesubject or the object of the sentence. Plural. Demonstrative Pronouns in Spanish They ( los pronombres demostrativos en espaol) have the same forms as the demonstrative adjectives and take the place of the nouns. Demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives, except that they carry an accent mark when written to differentiate them from the adjectives. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand these words and use them correctly in sentences. Free interactive exercises to practice online or download as pdf to print. (These flowers are for you). Practice Makes Perfect Spanish Pronouns And Prepo When people should go to the book stores, search commencement by shop, shelf by shelf, it is . The content will cover basic and neutered demonstratives while providing examples for how to use them. flashcard sets. a possessive adjective ( mi, tu, su and so on) Pondr en orden todos mis libros. These have jelly and those have meat. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. (What is this?) Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives: Practice Test! Esta tarde voy a ir al cine.This afternoon Im going to the movies. Imagine you had two pasteles ( cakes) in front of you, and someone asked you which one you wanted. (Yesterday I bought you this) esto eso 4. Trivia Questions Quiz. De quin son estas camisas?Who are these t-shirts from? For example, "This pizza is just as delicious as that pizza." Demonstrative Pronouns in Spanish Demonstrative pronouns in Spanish use an accent mark on the first "e" to replace the noun that . Me encantan todos los helados pero estos son los que quiero ahora.I love all ice creams but these are the ones I want now. From students and tourists to doctors and soldiers whove moved and visited here over the years. Of course, the main difference between Spanish demonstrative adjectives and the English ones is the way you need to match the gender with masculine and feminine nouns in Spanish. Demonstrative Adjective Forms Spanish has three sets of demonstrative adjectives, each of which has four different forms that vary by gender and number. -I want this apple. We hope this post will help you with your Spanish studies. those chairs. L5-54 Estructura 3: Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns (Learn . North Carolina A&T State University. How good are you at using a demonstrative adjectives in the Spanish language? The word demonstrative comes from the verb to demonstrate, and that's exactly what a Spanish demonstrative pronoun (pronombre demostrativo) does: it demonstrates, or identifies, the noun it refers to. near or far. Subject Exercises: Qu es eso que llevas en la mano? Better those, they look richer. Refresh your grammar skills with these demonstrative pronouns worksheets and exercises. They are equivalent to the English my, mine, your, yours, his. More info. Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia [bahasa indonesja]) is the official and national language of Indonesia. Those buildings over there are the oldest in the city. Spanish demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns, los demostrativos, are words like ESE, ESTE, ESE and others which correspond to THIS, THAT and so on in English. Fast, easy, reliable language certification, 35,000+ worksheets, games, and lesson plans. adjectives, Demonstrative pronouns, pp. Grammar Quiz: Test your Grammar Knowledge with questions, Identifying Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives! Are you still doubting about the difference between ese and aquel? We translate it with that but it rather means that over there. Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns used to demonstrate, show, or indicate something to the person youre speaking to. A lover of literature, and Mexican spicy cuisine, I've lived in Poland, Spain, and Mexico and I'm currently living and teaching in Madeira, Portugal. Aquel refers to things or people that are further in distance or time from the speaker. Sometimes they come before the noun (see Position of Adjectives), but they must agree in gender and quantity. Ese.Which book do you want me to pass you down there? Quiero comprar esta camiseta por favor. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns in Spanish - Quiz & Worksheet Video Quiz Course Try it risk-free for 30 days Instructions: Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 'This and these have 'T's.' Hola Shelila! The demonstrative pronouns do NOT carry diacritical mark as they can be easily distinguished from the adjectives due to the context. Mira los pjaros. Ese da haca mucho fro.That day was very cold. They decided that because the accents in these words were against the accent rules, and it is obvious from the context if you are using them as adjectives or pronouns, the accents were ruled unnecessary. You have entered an incorrect email address! Selecciona el Demostrativo correcto (Select the correct Demonstrative): _____ son mis mejores amigos. All the best as you tackle it! To emphasize sentences Now, you only need to make sure that the adverb and the demonstrative refer to the same distance. PDF. Demonstrative adjectives (p. 114) Demonstrative adjectives show how close something is to the speaker. Copy of Demonstrative Pronouns Quiz. 6. semana tengo un torneo de tenis. Aquellos pantalones. And this is where demonstrative pronouns in Spanish came in handy. (answers included) ---A slide . Those did have money. The demonstrative adjectives this/that/these/those, which may also be pronouns, tell us where an object is located and how many objects there are. They precede the nouns they modify and agree with them in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). In other words, who owns something. Advertisement When to Use Each Demonstrative Adjective Dont feel bad; many students do. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. O esta camiseta? No quiero este, ya te dije que no me gusta el color.I dont want this one, I already told you I dont like the color. Spanish Grammar: Possessive Adjectives and Noun Agreement, Correct Placement of Object Pronouns in Spanish, Hay: Saying How Much & How Many in Spanish, Por vs. Para in Spanish Differences & Rules | When to Use Por & Para, To-Do Lists with Commands: Spanish Practice Activity, Using Spanish Indefinite Articles: Practice Activity, Weather & Seasons in Spanish | Vocabulary, Expressions & Examples, Practice Conjugating Regular -AR Verbs in Spanish, Basic Greetings in Spanish: Tips & Examples | Saying Hello in Spanish, Plural Nouns in Spanish: Overview & Sentences | How to Make Plural Nouns, Gustar: Conjugation and Example Sentences, List of Spanish Question Words: Practice & Uses, Conjugations of -ar Verbs in Spanish | Preterite Tense, Rules & Examples, Spanish Reflexive Verbs: Uses & Conjugation, Ir + a + Infinitive & the Near Future | Use & Examples, Spanish Superlatives & Comparatives | Overview, Use & Irregular Forms. Here is an overview Hola! Qu chica!Thats the girl I liked most. Aquel is the one of demonstrative pronouns in Spanish that indicates the greatest distance in time and space. We need to learn when to use the neuter forms, and when to use the non-neuter forms. Mind the number and gender. mi and mo, examples of possessive adjectives. Chapter 6 Practice; Physio Ex Exercise 4 Activity 1; Chapter 1 Part 1 Lecture Notes; Symbolic Interactionism notes; . Demonstrative adjectives (this, that) are used to indicate a specific noun or nouns. To put it differently, in the sentences Este es mi libro (this is my book) and Ese es tuyo, both demonstrative pronouns ESTE and ESE work as the subject of the sentences. Thanks for making life easier, RAE! If youre already familiar with demonstrative adjectives, you surely remember that the English language locates things close or far in space and time, but Spanish speakers use more distinctions: close, far, or very far. Modelo Me gustan aquellas camisas blancas. These notes explain demonstrative adjectives in-depth, including where they shou 6 - Online Homework Solution - Us Department Fuel Economy Guide, Informational Interview - Reflection Paper, Chapter 1 Notes - Summary Exploring Business, Medical Surgical 1 (MURS_3144_01_UG_MAIN_MEDICAL-SURGICALNURSING1), Care of the childrearing family (nurs420), Strategic Decision Making and Management (BUS 5117), Online Education Strategies (UNIV 1001 - AY2021-T), Intermediate Medical Surgical Nursing (NRSG 250), Strategic Human Resource Management (OL600), Managing Projects And Programs (BUS 5611), Curriculum Instruction and Assessment (D171), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), Test bank - medical surgical nursing 10th edition ignatavicius workman-btestbanks.com -zo8ukx, CH 13 - Summary Maternity and Pediatric Nursing. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. You will receive your score and answers at the end. (long distance), Contact Us - Privacy Policy - Terms and Conditions, You got {{SCORE_CORRECT}} out of {{SCORE_TOTAL}}, While in English we distinguish between 2 distances (, Spanish Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns Learn and Practice, Shortened Adjectives in Spanish: buen, gran, Superlatives with SIMO in Spanish Learn and Practice, Plural of adjectives in Spanish Learn and Practice. It's not masculine. The demonstrative touse will vary according tothe gender (masculine/feminine) and number(singular/plural) of the noun we are referring to. Demonstrative adjectives are used to describe the position of a noun in space or time. Look how the adjectives perfectly match the number (singular or plural) and the gender of the noun. Spanish demonstrative pronouns are more complicated than their English counterparts, because there are three different sets and because they must agree in gender and number with the noun they replace. (medium distance), 5) Eso es un camin.That is a truck. Below you'll find the four forms this pronoun can take, as well as some examples of each. Check out these examples with different forms of este. Now we'll talk about demonstrative PRONOUNS. ste - sta - esto / se - sa - eso / aqul - aqulla - aquello See details at Demonstrative Pronouns in Spanish. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Remember that the distance is always in relation to the speaker. In English, after you've been talking about the same item for a while, or even just a couple times, you soon start to say 'this one' or 'that one' instead of re-naming the item again and again, right? Just like English, Spanish uses demonstrative adjectives to demonstrate specific nouns, and just like English, these adjectives go before the nouns they modify. I'm a Spanish philologist, teacher, and freelance writer with a Master's degree in Humanities from Madrid. Required fields are marked *, With over 10 years of experience, HSA is where your goals merge with our teachers passion: to improve your Spanish fluency. these chairs. Selecciona el Demostrativo correcto (Select the correct Demonstrative): Ayer te compr _______. In the tables above, we notice that each distance includes one neuter form. Powered by WordPress. Esta camiseta? Soy Daniela Sanchez, Ive taught Spanish in Mexico to a wide array of foreigners. Browse Printable 3rd Grade Demonstrative Pronoun Worksheets. SpanishDict is the world's most popular Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and learning website. Parts of Speech: Noun, Pronoun, Adjective PowerPoint and Notes, Worksheet Packet. Need a little brush up on demonstrative pronouns? -I don't want this apple; I want that one. In this case, that quality is the location in respect to the speaker or the listener. Jos had to choose between this shirt, this shirt and that shirt. Using one adjective over another depends on the distance between the noun and the speaker. In the end, youll also have an opportunity to try yourself out. Spanish demonstrative adjectives indicate where a person or thing is located in relation to the speaker. You can easily know that by looking at two interesting features; first, ESTE and ESE were not used directly before a noun and second they precede a verb, the verb SER (Es ese/ Son esos). Complete with the correct demonstrative pronoun: "Your cookies are much better than ______ over there." that. 2. If we put it simply, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns are used to refer to specific objects or people. The demonstrative to use will vary according to the gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) of the noun we are referring to. Lets begin. Find the demonstrative adjective in these sentences. Demonstratives indicate the distance between the speaker and something or someone else. Words that replace a noun. I am trying to answer the exercises above but there is no bold part in the sentences. Can I have the crayons that are next to you, please? Qu pena que estas ya se murieron.Look at the flowers. Language Plan It. No s cules manzanas quiero. Demonstrative pronouns worksheets and online activities. a place name Lo sabe todo Madrid. Demonstrative adjectives are the type of adjectives used to indicate the position of something in space or time, such as this, that, these, and those. Create your account, 26 chapters | Ese points to things that are further from the speaker, not within immediate reach. Estos pantalones cortos o stos? Adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. En aquel tiempo, no haba internet.At that time, there was no internet. It is normally used to talk about something within reaching distance of the speaker. a demonstrative adjective ( este, ese, aquel and so on) Ha llovido toda esta semana. I'm good at teaching, and I do it with passion. Demonstrative adjectives * Possessive pronouns * Conjunctions * Imparfait and pass compos * Verbal expressions and idioms * and more The Book of the Dus - Alistair Norwich Tayler 1914 Comparative Policy Agendas - Frank R. Baumgartner 2019-03-14 This book summarizes recent advances in the work on agenda-setting in a comparative perspective. An important skill for your survival in a Spanish-speaking world. edificios son los ms viejos de la ciudad. Find your fluent Spanish! Where are the accents on demonstrative pronouns? Find out what demonstrative adjectives modify and how to use them. Spanish demonstrative adjectives are the Spanish equivalent of words like 'this', 'that', 'these' and 'those'. Look at the birds. This is my house. This packet starts with a diagnostic preview. Spanish demonstrative adjectives have a simple purpose: to identify something (or someone) and describe how close or far they are from the speaker. subject or object. Ese is used to point out nouns that are further from the speaker and not easily within reach. Ese es mi libro. Listen to some examples of sentenceswith these pronouns as the subject of the sentences, and try to revert them yourself to make the pronoun the object instead. Neuter demonstrative pronouns are used for ideas, situations, and nouns that have yet to be specified. (this is a dog, that is a house). I RECOMMEND TO REPEAT THE QUIZ UNTIL THE TOPIC IS LEARNED! 7. Mira! Demonstratives in Spanish are essential. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns: Demonstrative Pronouns. And which ones using non-neuter forms? A document to help understand demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Demonstrative adjectives are designed to help one understand which specific noun is being mentioned. greenappleman7. Those ones always fought. Cules?Aquellos. In other words, they help you express the distance between the speaker and a noun. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Instead of repeating the noun over and over again, you substitute it with this one or that one. remember, demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these, those Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. So, in this guide, Ill provide you with the key information you need to know to use these words. These pictures are from my trip to Japan and those are from the trip to China. 1. Aquelis used to replace a noun far from both the speaker and the listener. Follow the model. Voy a leer este libro.Im going to read this book. Except for the few cases we have explained for the neuter forms, in any other situation we use the non-neuter forms. The masculine and feminine forms of demonstrative pronouns sometimes have an accent, to distinguish them from demonstrative adjectives: The neuter forms (esto, eso, aquello) are used to talk about an object you don't recognize or about an idea or statement. | 14 Students then put a suitable demonstrative adjective ( this, that, these, or those) in front of each noun. Aquel nunca me dio la oportunidad que me mereca.That one never gave me the opportunity that I deserved. Esa camiseta! answer choices the last E in the word Note: when referring to people, always use non-neuter forms: Aquellas son mis primas.Those are my cousins. The club? Rara Academic | Developed By Rara Theme. 3. Probar is an O to UE stem-changing verb. Note that this and these have 'T's, while that and those do not have 'T's. Aquellas gafas de sol. Another great thing about them is that they're just one word! 1 basado en Audio con subttulos, Nuevo inicio del Curso de Ingles con Rodrigo RENOVADO Y MEJORADO, Compilation: Spanish online lessons 1 5, administrator@spanishfreelessonsonline.com, Spanish Quiz: When to use Sujeto Omitido In Spanish, Learn Spanish & practice: Spanish Quiz 1 (New beginning). Ill show you now 15 demonstrative pronouns. Hi1 Thank you for the information. In English, these include words like this, that, these, and those. Resources for further reading: Interactive Spanish quiz based on the 3-minute lesson about Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives: https://youtu.be/XkPnX58rWhQ. Aquellas son las montaas ms grandes de esta regin.Those are the highest mountains of this region. Where are the accents on demonstrative pronouns? Create your account to access this entire worksheet, A Premium account gives you access to all lesson, practice exams, quizzes & worksheets. Esa es la que me gust ms. Here are examples of the four forms of ese. by Delacra. Aquellas flores son tuyas.Those flowers are yours. by Mkurkova1. You spend a part of your precious free time improving your Spanish and you learned a lot about demonstrative pronouns in Spanish. I hope you find what youre looking here during your journey into Espaol Read More About Me, Probar Conjugation 101: Conjugate Probar in Spanish. Also see Demonstrative Adjectives in Spanish. Since it has irregularities in most tenses, we'll go over all the ir conjugation patterns you need to know in this guide. Check out how you use aquel forms in sentences: Cul montaa te parece la ms bonita? 2. However, many learners still wonder what demonstrative adjectives in Spanish are. 1. Complete these demonstrative adjectives quiz questions and answers and assess your knowledge regarding these adjectives. Choose the appropriate demonstrative pronoun/adjective (that, this, those, these) for the sentence from the drop-down list.. All the best as you tackle it! Adjectives. It has rained all this week. But a significant distinction between these sets of words is that, unlike adjectives, demonstrative pronouns have a neuter form: These pronouns are always used in this single form and are only applied when replacing concepts, actions, and abstract things. The whole of Madrid knows it. There are three basic types of demonstrative adjectives este, ese, and aquel. You have to choose. distance is always in relation to the speaker, link to Probar Conjugation 101: Conjugate Probar in Spanish, link to Ir Conjugation 101: Conjugate Ir in Spanish, Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives and Chart, Demonstrative Adjectives vs Demonstrative Pronouns, Este, and its variations, are used for objects that, Ese, and its formal and plural forms, is for nouns that are, Aquel, and its variations, refer to objects that are very, While demonstrative adjectives work with a noun, demonstrative pronouns in Spanish. For example: Me gusta este vestido. subject, interrogative, possessive, demonstrative, adjective, relative, and direct and indirect pronounsas well as pronouns as objects of prepositions, numbers as pronouns, reflective Copyright 2023 SpanishLearningLab. The people? AquellaWhich mountain do you think is the most beautiful? Unlike English, though, they. Lets begin. However, dont be surprised if you find them written with one. Demonstrative Adjectives Grade/level: Elementary by MeritESLResources: This - that - these - those . These books and those magazines are good. Te acuerdas de nuestros vecinos del ao pasado? : an American History (Eric Foner). By the end of this lesson, you will be . How to introduce a noun (a person, place or thing). Eso es chvere. (The purpose of the sentence is not to reveal its house nature, but to talk about who owns it). Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Locations in Spanish: Vocabulary & Grammar, AR Verbs in Spanish: Present Tense Conjugation and Vocabulary List, ER and IR Verbs in Spanish: Present Tense, Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns in Spanish, Reading about Shopping: Spanish Practice Activity, Listening to Shoppers: Spanish Listening Practice Activity, Discussing Natural Disasters/Emergencies in Spanish, Overview of Spanish-Speaking Culture & Etiquette, OAE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) (021) Prep, Occupational English Test (OET): Study Guide & Practice, CLEP Spanish Language - Levels 1 & 2: Study Guide & Test Prep, TOEIC Speaking & Writing: Test Prep & Practice, CTEL 1 - Language & Language Development (031): Practice & Study Guide, MTEL English as a Second Language (ESL) (54) Prep, Demonstrative Pronouns: Definition & Examples, Listening to Someone Give Directions in Spanish, Christmas & Three Kings' Day Vocabulary in Spanish, Birthdays & Anniversaries Vocabulary in Spanish, Spanish Vocabulary for Cooking and the Kitchen, Praxis Spanish Exam Essay Topics & Rubric, Spanish Vocabulary: Going to the Beauty Salon, Compound Spanish Sentences: Preterite & Imperfect, Using Spanish Subjunctive Verbs in Compound Sentences, Practicing a Simulated Conversation in Spanish, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, those (ones), over there: aqullos, aqullas, Identify demonstrative adjectives in Spanish, Differentiate demonstrative pronouns from demonstrative adjectives in Spanish, Describe what neuter demonstrative pronouns in Spanish are. They are similar to this/that/these/those in English. It is normally used to talk about something within reaching distance of the speaker. Cul libro quieres que te baje de aqu? English: 1. As the name implies, Spanish demonstrative adjectives demonstrate a quality about the noun they modify. Quiero comprar carro azul. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitantsof which the majority speak . (with Examples) A demonstrative adjective is a special adjective (often called a determiner) that identifies a noun or pronoun by expressing its position as near or far (including in time). Hence you can not start it again. They go before the noun. (That is cool.) I highly recommend you use this site! Do you feel like practicing more? 4) Qu es eso ?What is that? French demonstrative Adjectives Group sort. SpanishDict is the world's most popular Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and learning website. Check out these examples with different forms of aquel. In Spanish, both demonstrative adjectives and pronouns are used to indicate how far something is in relation to the speaker. Aquellos siempre peleaban.Do you remember Pedro and Juan from our school? Asking what something is (its fundamental nature), Revealing what something is (its fundamental nature), In sentences whose sole purpose is to reveal what something is fundamentally. In the previousexample,the word ESE is a pronoun used to refer to a book. Things are far away from both the speaker and the person youre talking to. 5. These demonstrative adjective and demonstrative pronoun sentence examples show that although the terms used may be the exact same words, there is a difference between the demonstrative pronoun and demonstrative adjective. They are used to point out a specific thing or person, or to emphasise something. In addition, we can even reverse this sentence with the demonstrative as the subject, and it will make sense anyway, e.g. succeed. To choose the correct demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these or those), we need to know if the noun being replaced is singular or plural and. by Evanoffh. Possessive Adjectives (Spanish) 14 terms. common or proper. Here are the four forms ese can take in Spanish. (I watched that movie.) I'll sort out all my books. First, students complete a dialogue by putting letters in the correct order to create nouns. Imagine that your friends just bought a box of delicious and fancy chocolates and triumphantly put this variety in front of you. The PowerPoint begins by identifying nouns, pronouns and adjectives. You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz. This pen- __________ pluma. Click here for the translation of the questions and the answer key. All rights reserved. Demonstrative adjectives are simply words that "point" to something else, and in English are words; this/these, and that/those. Remember that. English for Kids Games Videos Worksheets Songs Apps . Here are 4 ways and they all have a different use and meaning. Use these assessments to evaluate your understanding on: This worksheet and quiz let you practice the following skills: To learn more about Spanish words and sentences, review the lesson Demonstrative Adjectives in Spanish. This 27 slide presentation introduces your students to the demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, and gives them plenty of practice in using them.Includes: ---bellwork (with answers) ---4 slides of notes ---21 pictures for students to label on their whiteboard, using the proper demonstrative word. Aquello no se pudo hacer.That could not be done. You dont have to repeat the word book, and I still get what you mean. PROJETO JUNTANDO OS LIVROS Exercises Greetings. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons in math, Listen to some more examples with these words below. In Spanish, we can use these adverbs and demonstratives at the same time. Im going to buy the shoes that are here. Demonstrative adjectives are designed to help one understand which specific noun is being mentioned. ).pdf . The cakes are on the table. Tell Me In Spanish (tellmeinspanish.com) is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Esos s tenan dinero.Do you remember our neighbors last year? Este is used to describe a noun that is close to the speaker and listener. Solution: neuter forms: numbers 1 (because we talk about something vague), 2 (because we ask about the fundamental nature of something) and 3 (because we reveal the fundamental nature of something). non-neuter forms: numbers 4, 5 and 6. There are three. This site also participates in other affiliate programs, including CJ and other sites, and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies, but in no way increases the cost to you if you opt to make a purchase from my links.