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On SAS home page for instance they publish fuel burn/seat (see link). 15 . [15][need quotation to verify] The Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 turboprop is used for this reason as a regional airliner. I did add all engine types where required. Does hydraulic fluid burn with black smoke? Here's the equation: 2 C 8 H 18 + 25 O 2-> 16 CO 2 +18 H 2 0. If you have a range for each period, that be cool as well. Dont hesitate to use my name or to have any interested broker call me. Washington Dulles Seattle-Tacoma is 2,000 nmi) to short transatlantic flights (e.g. Accident, incident and crash related photos, Air to Air Airline Aircraft Block Hour Seat Hour (hrs/day) (Miles) Boeing 757 . The A220 has been designed to be a fuel-efficient jet. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates, ERROR: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW WITH DATA cannot be executed from a function. just checking. Capabilities and Features - Current Presidential Airplane (Boeing 747-200) Today, the chief executive flies aboard a specially configured 747-200B, the newest and largest presidential airplane. Real world observations on 757-200 cargo. It . Aviation's most powerful operating cost application is here. The average traveler hardly stops to consider the technicalities involved in achieving flight. Would anyone know of any second hand Boeing 757-200 passenger aircrafts and cargo aircrafts available for sale, please do kindly inform me with full specifications and pricing. Fuel consumption numbers depend upon a lot of factors including flight takeoff weight, flight time, cruising altitude and the like. British Airways (BA) ranked as the least fuel-efficient, falling 22% Beyond single-engine taxi, electric taxiing could allow taxiing on APU power alone, with the main engines shut down, to lower the fuel burn. A 747 uses 5 gallons of fuel to carry 500 people one mile. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. What you, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. NASA and Boeing flight-tested a 500lb (230kg) blended wing body (BWB) X-48B demonstrator from August 2012 to April 2013. Compare that to the average motor vehicle. The Boeing 757 is a low-wing twin-jet airliner that was produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1981 to 2004. Organic forms entirely lost. The 747-8 passenger plane can carry up to 422,000 pounds of jet fuel, or 63,034 gallons. [38] Yes, this is an example for the Tu-144S with NK-144 engines with the afterburner on the cruise. As we see, an Airbus A380 burns twice as much fuel per hour as a Boeing 787-9. Its maximum take-off weight is nearly one million pounds. Thanks again. The Tu-144C was definitely the most uneconomical passenger aircraft ever. The average level of consumption for a new car is approximately 35 miles to the gallon, which means that in order to burn 18,000 gallons of fuel, a car would have to travel more than half a million miles. Embraer delivered 59 Phenom 300-series aircraft last year and has completed more than 700 deliveries since the 300 entered the market in 2009. . The Boeing 757-200 freighters can carry 15 pallets on the cargo main deck. For a distance of 926 km, the amount of fuel used is estimated to be 3.61 tonnes [1], including taxiing, take-off, cruising and landing. A Boeing 757 burns around 2,000 pounds of fuel during take off. Interesting enough was the page with an example of flight planning. [16] The Appendix C of this ICAO document have some fuel consumption data for different aircraft at different sector length. IMHO, fuel flow is relatively easy to estimate as a function of aircraft type and weight. ACC is an intuitive global Web Application that easily allows users access to determine the actual costs of aviation - designed for private owners, commercial operators, fractional owners, flight departments, financial institutions and charter operators. Airlines have to comply with regulatory procedures, which are broadly similar across the world. [43], Today's turboprop airliners have better fuel-efficiency than current jet airliners, in part because of their propellers and turbines that are more efficient than those of the 1950s-era piston-powered airliners. This is 183,214 to 216,847 liters of fuel or about 180 to 213 tonnes. They scale linearly with weight. As lift and drag are functions of air speed, their relationships are major determinants of an aircraft's design efficiency. However, air pressure and temperature both decrease with altitude, causing the maximum power or thrust of aircraft engines to reduce. [45] In 2012, turboprop airliner usage was correlated with US regional carriers fuel efficiency. The impact of this additional fuel required by the A 330-200 for the projected 750 hours of Aircraft Fuel Consumption per Hour | Aircraft Fuel Consumption Rate . http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/757_23.pdf. Mutually exclusive execution using std::atomic? The A350 burns approximately 14,000 gallons of fuel on a transatlantic hop. The 747 burns approximately 5 gallons of fuel per mile (12 liters of fuel per kilometer). When it comes to fueling aircraft, there are strict guidelines in place because of the vast amounts involved. [109] Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Depreciation schedules fully editable by the user. According to the latest Sandhills Global market reports covering used piston single, turboprop, and jet aircraft and piston helicopters in Sandhills marketplaces, asking values remained elevated in January and continue year-over-year growth. The Boeing warranty assures these figures will be met. Comfort would not be affected and trials are limited to two aircraft to reduce complexity but the concept could be expanded to include more. Im not a pilot but what is the two take-off field lengths for? [82], For flights around 5,000 to 7,000nmi (9,300 to 13,000km), including transpacific flights (e.g. Loading information Loading compartments, main and lower deck. Continuous Descent Approaches can reduce emissions. If we stick to the previous example of the transatlantic crossing, one flight from London to New York, if operated by an Airbus A350 XWB, would cost over $55,000 in fuel. ", 2008 Guidelines to Defra's GHG Conversion Factors: Methodology Paper for Transport Emission Factors, "Records > Aeroplane efficiency > Current", "Fuel Efficient Plane Prototype Hits Skies", "Boeing to Begin Ground Testing of X-48B Blended Wing Body Concept", "AEDC testing brings unique blended wing aircraft closer to flight", "A sharkskin coating for ships, planes and blades", "Technology Roadmap for Environmental Improvement - Fact Sheet", "When Will These Civil Aircraft Concepts Fly? Note that the price of Jet Fuel will vary from airport to airport. The lowest PIREP rate of fuel consumption was 62.5 pounds of fuel per hour. It projects the following reductions in engine fuel consumption, compared to baseline aircraft in service in 2015:[108], Moreover, it projects the following gains for aircraft design technologies:[108], Today's tube-and-wing configuration could remain in use until the 2030s due to drag reductions from active flutter suppression for slender flexible-wings and natural and hybrid laminar flow. [48], Newer aircraft like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Airbus A350 and Bombardier CSeries, are 20% more fuel efficient per passenger kilometre than previous generation aircraft. Tail and Winglet closeups with beautiful airline logos. but herehttp://www.flywestwind.com/hangar/aircraft_files/foms/B752FOM.pdf [38] Thanks again! [6], For long-haul flights, the airplane needs to carry additional fuel, leading to higher fuel consumption. [3], Wingtip devices increase the effective wing-aspect ratio, lowering lift-induced drag caused by wingtip vortices and improving the lift-to-drag ratio without increasing the wingspan. At constant propulsive efficiency, the maximum range speed is when the ratio between velocity and drag is minimal,[23] while maximum endurance is attained at the best lift-to-drag ratio. Parasitic drag is constituted by form drag and skin-friction drag, and grows with the square of the speed in the drag equation. Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? Drive defensively. [10][11] But as fuel prices have since decreased and more fuel-efficient aircraft have come into service, many ultra-long-haul routes have been reinstated or newly scheduled[12] (see Longest flights). The tough ones to capture are the APU capital costs and maintenance costs. Large carriers, for example, have maintenance budgets in excess of $1 billion. Aviation Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for aircraft pilots, mechanics, and enthusiasts. That may be true, but the problem with the TU-144 engines (certainly the early ones) was they were turbofans, not turbojets like Concordes. [16], Jet airliners have become 70% more fuel efficient between 1967 and 2007. If you have a range for each period, that be cool as well. Why didn't the Boeing 757 share the 767 fuselage? Average fuel burn of new aircraft fell 45% from 1968 to 2014, a compounded annual reduction 1.3% with variable reduction rate. While the exact fuel consumption of your car changes based on your circumstances (city or highway, road conditions, tire. Aircraft Cost Calculator frees you from your desktop to offer a mobile solution you can access anywhere in the world. As a result, how much fuel per passenger an aircraft is consuming is one of the most important . When this is taken into consideration, a Boeing 747 is, in fact, burning only 0.01 gallons per person onboard for every mile that it travels. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. According to Boeing, a 747 usually burns around 1 gallon of fuel (around 4 liters) every second. 160 KIAS may exceed allowable tire rotation speed. Let's take a look at how much Jet A a widebody aircraft actually uses as it traverses the skies. ", "ACC was key in my initial work to build my business model and validation process. Views from inside the cockpit, Aircraft Cabins Below the link to the Boeing manual: Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? This means that the aircraft is achieving 100 miles to the gallon for every passenger. Every type from fighters to helicopters from air forces around the globe, Classic Airliners Fly shorter routes", "Efficiency Trends for New Commercial Jet Aircraft, 1960 to 2008", "Approaches to Representing Aircraft Fuel Efficiency. This, therefore, marks a sizeable increase in the operating cost of a private jet. Main deck P1P/PAG The form drag is minimized by having the smallest frontal area and by streamlining the aircraft for a low drag coefficient, while skin friction is proportional to the body's surface area and can be reduced by maximizing laminar flow. An-2: 131 kg/h An-2P --- 140 kg/h An-3 200 kg/h An-12 1983 kg/h An-38-100 - 380 kg/h n-24 800 kg/h Is there a single-word adjective for "having exceptionally strong moral principles"? Significantly more efficient than a quadjet, but still a mindboggling amount. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. how it is calculated with respect to wing dimensions. Standard cruise climb t FL380 with no clearance altitude restrictions or ATC level offs. As a non aeronautical person, who is mildly OCD and loves reading lists (and phone books), I found it very interesting that an A350 burns through 5800kg/hr, and a B748 9800kg/hr, for a pretty equivalent passenger load. You'll be able to produce the precise detailed reports you need in minutes, not hours, to make important, informed decisions about the true cost of aircraft operations. The amount of fuel an aircraft buns per hour depends on the weight of the aircraft, its altitude and the speed it is maintaining. What is this tube connected to a 757 for? The aviation fuel density used is 6.7lb/USgal or 0.8kg/L. For widebodies the range of fuel burns is as massive as the range of weights. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. A jet aircraft uses a phenomenal amount of fuel. Based on 450 annual owner-operated hours and $7.00-per-gallon fuel cost, the BOEING 757-200ER has total variable costs of $4,549,702.50, total fixed costs of $414,150.00, and an annual budget of $4,963,852.50. Published by Laia and Pierre-Selim on Jul 31, 2018 10:07:00 AM. Average fuel burn of new aircraft fell 45% from 1968 to 2014, a compounded annual reduction 1.3% with a variable reduction rate. Travelling at a ground speed of 900km/h, each passenger is covering 50km/litre, or 2 litres/100km. Following regulatory certification in January 1999 . Photo: Vincenzo Pace | Simple Flying. A small piston-powered helicopter normally uses between 6-16 gallons of fuel per hour. And while significant investments are being made to increase that, it will still be a long way to go before we start seeing it deployed in amounts that will have an impact on overall emissions and other numbers. Brooks says a DC-3 with 1200-hp R1830s cruising at 550 hp per engine at 6000 ft will burn 490 pounds/hour. This sounds like a tremendously poor miles-per-gallon rating. There was also the Tu-144D with more economical turbojet Kolesov RD-36-51 without afterburner at supersonic speed, but it did not perform any commercial flight while the cruising fuel flow was about 25000 kg / h. Engines have always been the weakest point of Soviet aircraft. [38] [28], Fuel economy in air transport comes from the fuel efficiency of the aircraft + engine model, combined with airline efficiency: seating configuration, passenger load factor and air cargo. No wonder passenger airlines have waved goodbye to the Queen of the Skies in favor of twinjet widebodies. Endurance and range can be maximized with the optimum airspeed, and economy is better at optimum altitudes, usually higher. [46] rev2023.3.3.43278. On the other side, the least efficient was British Airways at 27 pax-km/L (3.7L/100km[64mpgUS] per passenger), using fuel-inefficient Boeing 747-400s with a low density of 0.75 seat/m2 due to a high 25% premium seating, in spite of a high 82% load factor. 132kts would be correct for a higher weight landing160kts ways too high. Efficiency is increased with better aerodynamics and by reducing weight, and with improved engine BSFC and propulsive efficiency or TSFC. [citation needed], The deadweight of the airframe and fuel is non-payload that must be lifted to altitude and kept aloft, contributing to fuel consumption. Boeing designed the 757 alongside and slightly behind the Boeing 767.The 767, which is a wide-bodied airliner, and the 757 share many of the same design features in . Induced drag can be reduced by decreasing the size of the airframe, fuel and payload weight, and by increasing the wing aspect ratio or by using wingtip devices at the cost of increased structure weight. [51] [36], Yield management allows the optimization of the load factor, benefiting the fuel efficiency, as is the air traffic management optimization. What is the fuel capacity of a Boeing 757? Boeing 757-200: initial production passenger aircraft: Boeing 757-200 Freighter: developed by Pemco Aeroplex as conversion to existing 757 aircraft: . In Europe in 2017, the average airline fuel consumption per passenger was 3.4 L/100 km (69 mpg US), . Day 4: As It Happens. one for one type of Pratt=Whitney engines and the other for another type of Pratt whiteny engine? [109], Research projects such as Boeing's ecoDemonstrator program have sought to identify ways of improving the fuel economy of commercial aircraft operations. NASA has conducted an Advanced Turboprop Project (ATP), where they researched a variable-pitch propfan that produced less noise and achieved high speeds.[19]. In 2021, the highest seating density in its A330neo, with 459 single-class seats, enabled Cebu Pacific to claim the lowest carbon footprint with 1.4kg (3lb) of fuel per seat per 100km,[32] equivalent to 1.75L/100km[134mpgUS] per seat. The aircraft's maximum range is determined by the level of efficiency with which thrust can be applied to overcome the aerodynamic drag. [41] Every. Apart from the two bedrooms, it has a private guest room, dining room, and a video room with cinema system. For a given payload, a lighter airframe generates a lower drag. Thats why RR powered 757s are more preferred for over the pond flights. Average fuel burn of new commercial jet aircraft, 1960 to 2019 (1970=100) Figure ES-1 presents the average fuel burn of newly delivered commercial aircraft from 1960 to 2019 in the two metrics with 1970 as the baseline (1970 = 100). Boeing 747 - $153 million. 21 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 As parasitic drag increases and induced drag decreases with speed, there is an optimum speed where the sum of both is minimal; this is the best glide ratio. Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain. That way that you are comparing apples to apples. I hope this information will be interesting. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? In 2018 the MAX8 we see fuel costs per hour per seat over 20% better than the 737-800. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Select from 9 different reports that ACC generates in seconds. Based on 450 annual owner-operated hours and $7.00-per-gallon fuel cost, the BOEING 767-300ER has total variable costs of $6,329,974.50, total fixed costs of $534,150.00, and an annual budget of $6,864,124.50. Again in 2016, the Aeroflot Group fuel consumption is 22.9g/ASK, or 2.86L/100km (82mpgUS) per seat, 3.51L/100km (67.0mpgUS) per passenger at its 81.5% load factor. [99] In highway travel an average auto has the potential for 1.61L/100km (146mpgUS)[100] per seat (assuming 4 seats) and for a 5-seat 2014 Toyota Prius, 0.98L/100km (240mpgUS). Large, ultra high bypass engines will need upswept gull wings or overwing nacelles as Pratt & Whitney continue to develop its geared turbofan to save a projected 1015% of fuel costs by the mid-2020s. Example: Boeing 737500 FOC per block hour. I'm looking for the average fuel burn rates for a Boeing 757-200 at MTOW during the first hour of flight, and then the same, the average fuel burn rate for the second hour of flight. economics boeing 757-200er Vip CompareD WiTH oTHer airCraFT Model First year produced Variable cost/hour Seats exec/max Range (nm) Normal cruise (kt) Max takeoff weight (lb) assumptions: boeing 757 is a 2005 model; the . SWISS Reveals New Airbus A330 Cabin Designs, United Airlines To Increase Guam-Japan Flights This Summer, Uganda Airlines Reinstates Fifth Johannesburg Flight, Singapore Airlines' Low-Cost Subsidiary: The Scoot Fleet In 2023, Rome Is American Airlines 2nd Most Served European Airport This Summer, Vistara Brand To Discontinue After Merger With Air India. The tourism industry could shift emphasis to emissions eco-efficiency in CO2 per unit of revenue or profit instead of fuel economy, favoring shorter trips and ground transportation over flying long journeys to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For the A350-100, this is approximately 6400 kg / h for 787-10 about 5700 kg / h in normal operation for long haul. Thanks in advance! [49][verification needed] It can carry a maximum of 238,604 liters of fuel and it has a range of about 7,790 nautical miles. This included the services provided by Singapore Airlines from Singapore to both Newark and Los Angeles that was ended in late 2013. 3. Fixed some too high figures that relate to flights to the maximum distance and maximum load, also added some good old piston airplanes. See the range of aircraft overlaid on map of the world - specific to your location. hmmm?? Hi Steve, What is the fuel consumption of a Boeing 767 . Still, I appreciate the suggestion. Yes but when observing an aircraft fire melting wiring, plastics, and insulation produce black smoke as well as the jet fuel. Does any one know how the official fuel burn/seat is calculated? https://www.transportenvironment.org/si ciency.pdf, https://www.fs.fed.us/fire/contracting/ 1-2013.pdf, https://www.fs.fed.us/fire/contracting/ rs_cwn.htm, https://www.icao.int/environmental-prot 9_2016.pdf, http://www.saabaircraftleasing.com/prod 00_jar.pdf, http://www.sasgroup.net/en/airbus-a319- -a320a321/. I think that's it, let me know if I forgot something. Fully editable pre-loaded "real world" data for over 500+ aircraft - piston, turboprop, jet, & helicopter available in ONE application. ", "Comparing two aircraft over a specific mission and the results were +/-3 % of what I came up with on my own. . The Boeing 757 is known for its improved fuel efficiency and reduced noise levels, and will be phased in over time as the less fuel-efficient Boeing 727 aircraft are retired from service. Surprisingly, on a per-passenger-basis, airplanes are actually quite fuel-efficient. "Trip Cost Calculator" which can clearly show the cost savings associated with business aviation versus commercial travel - including the Time Value of Executives. With a specifically designed aircraft, such as the (in development) Aerion AS2, the Mach1.1 range at 3,700nmi is 70% of the maximum range of 5,300nmi at Mach0.95, but increases to 4,750nmi at Mach1.4 for 90% before falling again. according to Boeing manual, the front passenger door: Meanwhile, one of the key factors in getting a plane from point A to point B is the amount of fuel that it needs to get there. anyone know the height of the fuselage from the ground? Trump pays a lavish price for these amenities and shells out about $10,800 for a one-hour flight including fuel. The C-17 measures 174 feet long (53 meters) with a wingspan of 169 feet, 10 inches (51.75 meters). For a comparison with ground transportation - much slower and with shorter range than air travel - a Volvo bus 9700 averages 0.41L/100km (570mpgUS) per seat for 63 seats. How can I calculate the fuel consumption of an Airbus 320-200 at various loads? then go to the worldwide standard: KM, meters, liters, centigrade. Aircraft Cost Calculator enables users to determine the true operating costs of the hundreds of aircraft and helicopters in our database. But even if the flight isnt fully occupied, and only around 500 seats are sold, it becomes clear that air travel isnt as uneconomical as it first appears. Designed for owners, operators, flight departments, financial institutions and charter operators. [14] This is less than jets used by major airlines today, however propeller planes are much more efficient. Aircraft efficiency is augmented by maximizing lift-to-drag ratio, which is attained by minimizing parasitic drag and lift-generated induced drag, the two components of aerodynamic drag. Or maybe the following website may help as well: http://www.b737.org.uk/. --12-31false00013624682021FY0.0010.001100,000,000100,000,00024,763,79323,097,73718,111,38116,405,5656,652,4126,692,1726,0414,323696,178598,54684,406187,16675,17757 . This allows the 747-8 to fly nonstop from Los Angeles, Calif. to Melbourne, Australia, and have a maximum range of 7,790 nautical miles per flight. This design provides greater fuel efficiency, since the whole craft produces lift, not just the wings. For example, the Airbus A350 design includes a majority of light-weight composite materials. Its two 11,000 . Can you include what type of engine it is please. I'm looking for the average fuel burn rates for a Boeing 757-200 at MTOW during the first hour of flight, and then the same, the average fuel burn rate for the second hour of flight. NASA indicates this configuration could gain up to 45% with advanced aerodynamics, structures and geared turbofans, but longer term suggests savings of up to 50% by 2025 and 60% by 2030 with new ultra-efficient configurations and propulsion architectures: hybrid wing body, truss-braced wing, lifting body designs, embedded engines, and boundary-layer ingestion. Minimizing weight can be achieved through the airframe's configuration, materials science and construction methods. Photo: Getty Images. Thanks for all the info!! What do i need to write? A powered aircraft counters its weight through aerodynamic lift and counters its aerodynamic drag with thrust. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. A rule-of-thumb is that a reduction in fuel consumption of about 0.75% results from each 1% reduction in weight. The 787 is also the first commercial widebody aircraft with a fuselage made of large one-piece barrel sections made from carbon composite material. Jetliner fuel efficiency improves continuously, 40% of the improvement come from engines and 30% from airframes. As far as I know, in ISA conditions in long range cruise classics B733-5 would burn 1/23 of its weight per hour, while NG would burn 1/27 1/28 of its weight in hourly fuel flow. The four engines of the Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet burn approximately 10 to 11 tonnes of fuel an hour when in the cruise. 4. The most fuel-efficient airline was Norwegian Air Shuttle with 44 pax-km/L (2.27L/100km[104mpgUS] per passenger), thanks to its fuel-efficient Boeing 787-8, a high 85% passenger load factor and a high density of 1.36 seat/m2 due to a low 9% premium seating. improves the fuel efficiency per unit of mass moved. [16][17][verification needed], Jet fuel cost and emissions reduction have renewed interest in the propfan concept for jetliners with an emphasis on engine/airframe efficiency that might come into service beyond the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350XWB. At a macro level, aircraft operating costs include both flight . Compare unlimited number of aircraft side-by-side. What is that Boeing 757 custom cockpit interface? Piston only, Helicopter only, Turboprop & Jet subscription options available. Obviously there are many other factors involved, but it's pretty clear why 350s sell like hotcakes (just how do hotcakes sell? This equals approximately 14,000 gallons of fuel for a flight between New York Newark (EWR) and London Heathrow (LHR) of just over 3,000 NM. In 2013, the World Bank evaluated the business class carbon footprint as 3.04 times higher than economy class in wide-body aircraft, and first class 9.28 times higher, due to premium seating taking more space, lower weight factors, and larger baggage allowances (assuming Load Factors of 80% for Economy Class, 60% for Business Class, and 40% for First Class).[22]. After all, there is a reason that the aircraft manufacturers provide charts to calculate such things, and not hard numbers. Burning a total of 2326187 pounds of fuel. The aircraft is powered by four Pratt & Whitney F117-PW-100 turbofan engines, which are based on the commercial Pratt and Whitney PW2040 used on the Boeing 757. The Boeing 787-8, 787-9 and 787-10 are described in the Boeing 787 Specs table at the bottom of this page which shows the detailed specifications of each of the types. Two NASA experiments designed to help reduce fuel consumption and emissions will fly this spring on a specially outfitted Boeing 757 airplane called the ecoDemonstrator. Also added several planes. [113], Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 15:25, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise, "CO2 emissions from commercial aviation, 2018", International Council on Clean Transportation, "Dubai 09: A320s sharklets to deliver 3.5% lower fuel burn from 2012", Why the Longest Nonstop Flights Are Ending, "SIA to drop nonstop USA flights as Airbus buys back A340s", "Last Call for the Long Haul From Singapore to Newark", "A new era of 'ultra-long-haul' aviation", "Effect of Fuel Properties on the Specific Thrust of a Ramjet Engine", "Back to the Future: Return of the Turboprop?