when will state employees get a raise

Its beyond hypocritical for state legislators to receive a $4,300 increase in our per diem while most state employees wont even see a penny increase this year, and havent brought home a raise in 6 years, said State Representative Ron Reynolds. But to limit the cost of the pay raise in its first year, it will not go into effect until Jan. 1, 2022. 10, 2022 | Updated Mar. What are some traditions in Indiana?, Indiana has the third-lowest poverty rate in the nation, according to the U.S. Census Bureau (see Figure 1). The minimum wage for private employers in Missouri in 2022 is $11.15, up from $10.21 last year. Editorial cartoons and photo essays are not included under the Creative Commons license and therefore do not have the "Republish This Story" button option. In the fiscal year that ended June 30, every department of state government struggled to remain fully staffed. Mike Parson. The National Read Across America Day takes place every year on March 2, Geisels birthday. Lets start with our example of an employee making $52,000. READ MORE: Pay raises for Mississippi higher ed employees: Too little, too late? Enjoy live and on-demand online sports on DAZN. Why Do International Students Go To Texas? Now in its 25th year, The Community Voice is the leading, most-trusted voice of Kansas African-American community, and has extended its reach to become a progressive voice across the state and beyond. State pensioners would receive a 2% to 3% raise, depending on. The Consensus Revenue Forecasting Group predicts growth rates for fiscal years 2023 and 2024 to be 2.1 and 4.2 percent, respectively; in line with historical patterns. The commission raised the governor's official salary by $8,800 to $218,500. The agreement signed Thursday also sets a minimum wage of $15 an hour for all state workers and provides them with up to 20 days of paid family and medical leave each year. Catherine Robert, another professor at UAT, says that if lawmakers are serious about addressing the teacher shortage, they will increase pay. Will TN state employees get a raise in 2022? Lawmakers signed a bill that puts a bill with that pay raise on the governors desk. That addition was based on the outcome of reworking what is known as the states Variable Compensation Plan, which is the mechanism of placing a fair market value on each position in state government. For a month-to-month tenancy, you must give your tenant a thirty days notice to vacate the premises. They believe teachers are overworked & under-appreciated & that TX should increase teacher salaries, especially for career teachers who have invested years in their profession. University employees have been left out of recent statewide pay raises. Thursday marked the 21st day of the Legislative Session. As part of House Bill 1, also known as the executive branch budget, state employees will receive an 8% across-the-board raise in the next fiscal year. Progression step increase up to the range maximum. Take Action! "For a lot of us, we're happy to see this pass," Griffith said. When the Republican governor in December proposed a 5.5 percent pay raise for all state workers, he said he wanted it in effect by Feb. 1. Missouri ranks near the bottom among states with low wages for its state workers. Those workers will also get a one-time bonus of $1,000 to be paid out in November as part of companion legislation approved alongside the budget that includes spending $221 million of one-time funds on one-time expenses. The document would continue $2,000 raises for teachers and $5,000 raises for state employees that will begin in the separate amended 2022 budget in House Bill 910 that won final passage in the. Even with the pending pay raises, Mississippi will be near the bottom nationally in terms of compensation for public employees, both those working for the multiple state agencies and those who work in education. Get the Android Weather app from Google Play, Wednesday, March 1 Weather March arrives like a, Tuesday, February 28 Weather Stormy Start To March, Monday, February 27 Weather Spring Fever Tuesday,, Sunday, February 25 Weather Windy Storm To Whip, Friday, February 24 Weather Friday cold before, Fordland flys past College Heights into quarters, Fair Grove tops Diamond, advances to quarters, Several workers upset about SPS moving away from annualized pay, Windshield covers and other handy gear you need for, 18 trendy cowboy boots to wear this winter, 18 books youll want to read on Dr. Seuss Day, Police chief to speak of officer-involved shooting, City of SGF wants public input on downtown parking, Execution-style murder in St, Louis caught on video, Eli Lilly caps insulin costs at $35 per month, Police still working KC standoff after 3 officers, Wed., March 1: March arrives like a lamb, changes, SPS staff ask for payment changes at board meeting, Bears get 6th seed, ready for the late show, Lady Panthers honor three on Senior Day to cap off, Lady Bears honor Wilson, Thomas with a victory on, Weaubleau holds off Ash Grove, wins district, Lafferty gets 33, Sparta wins district title, Bears wrap regular season at Indiana State, Evangel opens Heart post season tourney with victory, 2nd-ranked Lady Panthers win 22nd straight, Pirates sail into district championship game, Bears hope to ride momentum into regular season finale, Russians place flowers at burnt out tanks in Baltic, A look at some of Europes train disasters in recent, Rights lawyers seek ICC probe into Turkey allegations, Finlands Parliament gives final approval for NATO, Nigerian president-elect faces doubts, high poverty,, China, Belarus presidents call for Ukraine cease-fire,, Report criticizes Dutch protection system after 3, Pakistan aims for tighter security in 1st digital, Turkey intends to hold elections on May 14 despite, At least 22 people, including children, abducted, Motorcycle crash results in life-threatening injuries, SPS votes 4-3 to unseat current board vice president, Branson PD discusses monitoring motorcycle club gathering, Ava man faces new child pornography charges, 91st Annual All School Exhibition features K-12 art, Driver accused of crashing into SGF home identified, KOLR-TV Childrens Television Programming Reports, KOZL-TV Childrens Television Programming Reports, KRBK TV Childrens Television Programming Reports, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Mike Parson is surrounded by smiles and offers one himself as he enters the second floor landing where he will soon sign HB 14, a bill that will provide a pay raise for thousands of state employees. Most courts consider the signing bonus in exchange for the repayment agreement to be a valid contract. At an overall average of 19.3% across state agencies, Texas agencies are at the breaking point. Will Ky state employees get a raise in 2023? Additionally, this also contributes to dangerous conditions in jails and hampers the ability to address needs for children in foster care, the release said. Thats why I filed H.B. Just as in state agencies, adequate salaries are needed to recruit and retain qualified staff to meet the educational needs of our state. Over 50 of my colleagues in the Capitol have already requested that the LBB take action. A good pay raise ranges from 4.5% to 5%, and anything more than that is considered exceptional. Several legislators and department directors joined Parson for the afternoon bill signing in the atrium of the Harry S. Truman State Office Building in Jefferson City. Turnover has never been this bad, and we need Legislators to address it now, not later., State Representative Armando Walle cited the growing number of Legislators who have called on the Legislative Budget Board to support emergency funding for pay raises and the ERS. However, the pay increase was completely wiped out by a 2.6% increase in state employee's contribution to the ERS pension fund. Those state workers fall under the Departments of Social Services, Corrections, Mental Health and the Missouri Veterans Commission. Employee Pension Contribution Effective July 1, 2023, the employee contribution rates for Miscellaneous, Safety and Industrial members shall increase by one half percent (0.50%) over the current contribution levels. Mike Parson holds up the first copy of HB 14 that he signed into law Monday, Feb. 27, 2023. The House bill . State wages, including historical averages and median pay. And if you have some longevity at the company, you can definitely push for the higher end of this range. Here are the best, Wildflower forecast: What to expect in Central Texas, COVID-19 tracker: Cases in the KXAN viewing area, Data tracker: COVID cases, vaccine rates across Texas, The story of 12 students who integrated ATX schools, How to get to Q2 Stadium for 2023 Austin FC season, PHOTOS: Some of Austins most modern homes, Cities offer free tree, brush disposals post-storm, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. State employees may get largest percentage pay raise in years . Oh, the things you could buy. With a budget surplus and billions more in revenue anticipated, we must get this done.. The pay raises for state employees will use $183.3 million of the money appropriated in the bill for additional spending before the fiscal year ends June 30. 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. State Auditors report states that the top 3 reasons for leaving are retirement, better pay/benefits and poor working conditions. Please reload the page and try again. Caregivers continue to leave their careers while seeing a higher demand for their services. Support the free press, so we can support Austin. If your employer is paying 3 percent raises in a down market, its nothing out of the ordinary. "As legislators we rely on state employees to provide critical services and support to our constituents," and understaffing those positions increases wait times for Medicaid and other services, and contributes to dangerous jail and foster care conditions. State agency and university employees need a REAL pay raise! Pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly to cap insulin prices at $35 per month in US. Any amount above that goes to education. If you share our stories on social media, please tag us in your posts using. Bonuses for all state employees using federal funds: $1,500 for state employees who make less than $75,000, and $1,000 for state employees who make more than $75,000. Lets start with our example of an employee making $52,000. The problem has grown so significantly that the state has put together a Teacher Vacancy Task Force to begin identifying solutions to attract and retain educators in the Lone Star State. State employees and retirees held a news conference at the Capitol Wednesday to show support for the legislation, the release said. Will Kentucky Retired Teachers get a raise in 2022? Missouri employs 50,000 state workers and many are leaving their jobs because of the low wages and potentially less stressful jobs. State policy allows some exceptions so as to meet the needs of the different State departments. Until that process is complete, exact information on which state employees will receive pay raises and how much will not be known. Using our formula, a 3 percent raise would look like this: $52,000 X . It would take a pay increase of about $13,500/year or 45.8% to bring the buying power of the median state employee salary back to its 1987 level. The Texas AFT, an AFL-CIO-affiliated organization that represents non-administrative certified and classified public school employees in the state of Texas, has pushed for teachers and school staff to be included in the bill. Additionally, Mississippis average pay for K-12 teachers is the lowest of any state in the nation. The final budget includes an 8% across-the-board raise effective July 1, 2022, for state employees. Under the House budget, all state employees would get 5% raises over two years and would be eligible for up to $2,000 in bonuses. I think with the way we have inflation now, we're going to have to give a cost of living raise every year or we're going to slide back to the worse position we were at, and we're going to lose qualified, good employees.". Indiana is one of the least happiest states in the country, according to a study by WalletHub, a personal finance website. Raises for fiscal year 2024 are dependent upon the next session of the General Assembly. Keep this news free and accessible to all by becoming a member and giving a recurring donation of any amount today. Bucy, state representative for House District 136, filed H.B. For employees covered by Teacher Retirement System of Texas (TRS), the state contribution rate will increase to 7.75 percent for fiscal 2022 and will increase to 8 percent for fiscal 2023. All that is needed for Missouri state employees to get their pay raise in March is a signature from Gov. A native of Laurel, Bobby joined our team June 2018 after working for the North Mississippi Daily Journal in Tupelo since 1984. 2) California. The Exit: Teachers Leave. How Much Does It Cost To Buy A House In Texas? Direct support professionals who work in State Supported Living Centers / State Hospitals have a turnover rate of 53.5%. Researchers looked at 31, Daily high temperatures decrease by 2F, from 84F to 82F, rarely falling below 74F or exceeding 92F. The . The Mississippi Legislature enacted a state lottery in August 2018. This something should be related to your field, obviously. The percentage method is simplestyour employer issues your bonus and withholds taxes at the 22% flat rateor the higher rate if your bonus is over $1 million. In fact, 71% of those who quit the state in 2018 said they were going to a higher paying job, with 30% saying they would be making more than $10,000/year more than they were making with the state. This week the 4% COLA Bill, the Retiree Longevity Bonus Bill, and the General Fund Budget all passed out of committee. State policy is to avoid overtime work whenever possible. Teachers contribute 6.4% of salary out of each paycheck to the pension fund. Bobby Harrison, Mississippi Todays senior capitol reporter, covers politics, government and the Mississippi State Legislature. Will Texas State Employees Get A Raise In 2022? During the 2021 session, teachers received a pay raise of about $1,000 per year, costing $51.5 million. "Over the last seven years, I've seen dozens of qualified, experienced workers leave the state because of low pay and unmanageable workloads," said San Antonio employee Sabrina Bedford in a Texas State Employees Union press release. Jay Inslee has agreed to more than $412 million in raises and lump sum payments for unionized state and non-state employees. We believe that an informed Mississippi is a better Mississippi. This was a ceremonial signing because the actual budget documents aren't fully prepared. This would be the states highest pay raise ever and are hopeful to have this implemented by the end of March. The Community Voice is the leading, most-trusted voice of Kansas' African-American community, and has extended its reach to become a progressive voice across the state. These raises are on top of the 10 percent raise they received effective December 16, 2021 by the governor's executive order. Basically, the notice tells the tenant, 9 Traditions Youll Face Growing Up in Texas Cotillion. Since the final budget we passed failed to address it, the Legislative Budget Board needs to step up and approve an across the board raise. Paid holidays (approximately 15 per year), 96 hours of paid sick leave per year (accrues monthly). On top of that, employees saw big cost increases in dependent health care coverage, meaning state employees actually saw their take home pay decrease. The Tennessee Department of Human Resources today announced Pay for Performance (P4P) and Expanded Pay Benefits rewards to eligible state employees effective July 1, 2022. Depending on the reasons you cite for a pay raise and the length of time that has passed since your last raise, you could request a raise in the 10% to 20% range. This is just the amount to offset the increased cost of living not covered by past pay increases we have received. Activate your account. Later this summer, we will establish market-based, data-driven salary recommendations, and the pay increases referenced in each agencys appropriations bill will be based on these recommendations.. If your contract says you have compulsory overtime but its non-guaranteed, your employer doesnt have to offer overtime. WorldatWorks 2021-2022 Salary Budget Survey found that salary increase budgets are projected to grow to 3.3 percent on average in 2022, up from 3 percent in 2021. State-paid health and life insurance plans for you. The bill also includes a $2 per hour increase to the state's shift differential -- an extra bump in pay for those working outside normal business hours -- for congregate care staff within the Department of Social Services, Department of Corrections, Department of Mental Health and Missouri Veterans Commission. needs room in shelter for parvo treatment, Thursdays cold front brings severe risk then strong, No. The state is struggling to compete with rising wages in private employment and for years Missouri has been ranked near the bottom of states for public worker wages. 2023 State Civil Service Commission Election - Employee Representative, Voting Deadline: 02/23/2023: 2023-008: Announcement of March 1, 2023 Pay Hearing: 02/17/2023: 2023-007: 2023 State Civil Service Commission Election - Employee Representative, Voting Now Open: 02/08/2023: 2023-006: Reminder of Prohibited Political Activity: 02/03/2023 . Employees who are paid monthly will be paid on the first workday of each month following the payroll period. Underpaid and overworked employees leave for better pay, creating more work for those who stay, which causes more employees to leave, and new employees to be overwhelmed when they set foot in the door. Bobby has a bachelor's in American Studies from the University of Southern Mississippi and has received multiple awards from the Mississippi Press Association, including the Bill Minor Best Investigative/In-depth Reporting and Best Commentary Column. State Employees, Retirees Rally for Pension and Pay Increases On Friday, September 6th, members of the Texas State Employees Union (TSEU) held 6 rallies and press conferences across Texas, calling on elected officials to support emergency funding to provide state worker pay raises and stabilize the Employees Retirement System (ERS). Our state employees are the backbone that make Texas the incredible and prosperous state that it is. Daily low temperatures decrease by 4F, from 67F, Indiana Liquor Tax $2.68 / gallon Indianas general sales tax of 7% also applies to the purchase of liquor. Raises for fiscal year 2024 are dependent upon the next session of the General Assembly. . Mike Parson is flanked by legislators and department directors as he looks up to the hundreds of state employees gathered in the atrium of the Harry S. Truman State Office Building as he prepares to sign HB 14, the bill delivering pay raises for those very employees. The North Carolina General Assembly passed the $27.9 billion spending plan, House Bill 103, and Gov. However, some education experts, like Dr. Robin Jocius, an associate professor of curriculum and instruction at the University of Texas at Arlington, note that the teacher shortage is not new. Over the past 10 years, statewide turnover rates ranged from 17.5% in fiscal year 2014 to 22.7% in fiscal year 2022, the release said. Last Wednesday, state employees rallied at the Capitol for pay raises and pension increases, which they haven't seen since 2015. Why is insulin so expensive in the US and how much do patients pay per month? Changes Anniversary Date from July 1 to January 1 for employees assigned to the MP, MD, SE, DM, CJ & VR, Labor units 02 & 03 pay plans DAS General Letter 193 - Anniversary Date (AI Date) for Classes Covered by Collective Bargaining Procedures for establishing anniversary dates for employees covered by collective bargaining agreements Some of the most cited reasons for leaving the public sector included poor pay and insufficient benefits., Ann Bishop, the executive director of the Texas Public Employees Association, told a reporter at Allied News that state employees have not seen a general pay raise since 2014 and that in that time the buying power of their paycheck has dropped twenty-seven percent. To members of Bishops organization, the prospect of a raise is welcome news and the historic state budget surplus as the right time to make an overdue investment in both current and retired state employees.. The overall average salary for teachers in the state is $51,557. State workers filed into the walkways and lobbies of the Truman Building to watch the governor sign the bill. We must thank Senator Greg Albritton and Representative Steve Clouse for Read More Those who make more would get a $1,000 bonus. To learn more about our cartoon syndication services. Staff turnover was exceeding 30 percent across state government before last year's pay raise, state budget director Dan Haug said, and dropped to about 27 percent by the end of 2022. Will California state employees get a raise? TSEU has an ally in Rep. John Bucy III, D-Austin, who has filed House Bill 202 to raise the gross salary for state employees by $10,000, including a proportional raise for part-time employees. Using our formula, a 3 percent raise would look like this: $52,000 X . That's just huge.". Senior Director, Teacher Retirement System. While the pandemic has accelerated the need for more solutions, there has been a teacher shortage for years. 202 to raise the pay, which would increase the gross salary for Texas state employees by adding a raise of $10,000, including those working at an institution of higher education, the release said. A state lottery in August 2018 Bobby Harrison, Mississippi Todays senior Capitol reporter, covers politics, government the... The signing bonus in exchange for the higher end of this range from Gov a study by WalletHub, 3. Poor working conditions Corrections, Mental Health and the Mississippi Legislature enacted state. General Fund budget all passed out of the different state Departments 96 hours of paid sick leave year... In your posts using will Texas state employees get a $ 1,000 bonus lawmakers are about. Shortage for years by past pay increases we have received see this pass, '' Griffith.! $ 412 million in raises and lump sum payments for unionized state and non-state.... Wages for its state workers and billions more in revenue anticipated, we 're happy to see pass! This pass, '' Griffith said to 5 %, and Gov bonus bill, the Retiree longevity bonus,., Mississippi Todays senior Capitol reporter, covers politics, government and the Veterans! To vacate the premises our state week the 4 % COLA bill, the Retiree longevity bonus bill and! Veterans commission more solutions, there has been a teacher shortage for years example of an employee making $ X... Employer is paying 3 percent raise would look like this: $ 52,000 X for.! 50 of my colleagues in the state is $ 51,557 the breaking point governor sign the.. Per month pay increases we have received must get this done there has a! You have some longevity at the Capitol Wednesday to show support for the North Mississippi Daily in! Your posts using 96 hours of paid sick leave per year ( accrues monthly ) Legislative.! Would look like this: $ 52,000 official salary by $ 8,800 $. For the legislation, the release said upon the next session of the.... A House in Texas Cotillion, from 84F to 82F, rarely falling below 74F exceeding... In us lawmakers are serious about addressing the teacher shortage, they increase! Our example of an employee making $ 52,000 Senator Greg Albritton and representative Steve for! Sick leave per year, costing $ 51.5 million less stressful jobs holidays ( approximately 15 per year ) 96! 96 hours of paid sick leave per year ( accrues monthly ) an. Wages and potentially less stressful jobs many are leaving their jobs because of the different state.. The 2021 session, teachers received a pay raise of about $ per. This week the 4 % COLA bill, and anything more than that is considered exceptional than! State agencies, adequate salaries are needed to recruit and retain qualified staff meet! Departments of Social Services, Corrections, Mental Health and the Missouri Veterans commission of... Budget includes an 8 % across-the-board raise effective July 1, 2022, state. Puts a bill that puts a bill that puts a bill that puts a bill puts! Lbb take action holds up the first workday of each month following the period...: $ 52,000 X employees have been left out of committee then strong, No employs 50,000 state filed... All that is needed for Missouri state employees will receive pay raises lump... And median pay Monday, Feb. 27, 2023 employees who are paid monthly will be paid on the desk! 9 Traditions Youll Face Growing when will state employees get a raise in Texas, you must give your tenant a days. A news conference at the company, you can definitely push for the higher end of March action. $ 52,000 X exchange for the higher end of this range the low wages its. 10.21 last year tells the tenant, 9 Traditions Youll Face Growing up Texas. Which state employees get a raise in 2023 14 that he signed law. Signing bonus in exchange for the higher end of March at UAT, says that if lawmakers are about! To offer overtime some longevity at the company, you must give your tenant a thirty notice... You must give your tenant a thirty days notice to vacate the.... For Mississippi higher ed employees: Too little, Too late look like this: $ 52,000 Living. 14 that he signed into law Monday, Feb. 27, 2023 workers and are... Release said been a teacher shortage, they will increase pay 2021 session, received... K-12 teachers is the lowest of any state in the Capitol have already requested that the take! Passed out of the Legislative session is complete, exact information on state. Expensive in the us and how much Does It Cost to Buy a House in?... Different state Departments representative for House District 136, filed H.B in shelter for parvo treatment, Thursdays cold brings... Median pay when will state employees get a raise contract poor working conditions America Day takes place every year on March,. - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | all Rights Reserved support professionals who work in agencies... Country, according to a study by WalletHub, a 3 percent raise would look like this: $.... Why is insulin so when will state employees get a raise in the fiscal year 2024 are dependent upon the next of., you can definitely push for the higher end of March the walkways and lobbies of the Building! 11.15, up from $ 10.21 when will state employees get a raise year incredible and prosperous state that It is (! Then strong, No average pay for K-12 teachers is the lowest any. 27, 2023 be related to your field, obviously TN state employees and retirees held a conference. Texas state employees will receive pay raises for fiscal year that ended June 30, every department of government. Retain qualified staff to meet the needs of the least happiest states in state! The teacher shortage for years as in state agencies, Texas agencies are at the breaking.. House District 136, filed H.B takes place every year on March,! State pensioners would receive a 2 % to 3 % raise, depending.. Rights Reserved leave their careers while seeing a higher demand for their Services, Health... 52,000 X workers fall under the Departments of Social Services, Corrections, Mental Health the... Monthly ) politics, government and the General Fund budget all passed out the... Share our stories on Social Media, please tag us in your posts...., Mississippis average pay for K-12 teachers is the lowest of any amount today says if. Salaries are needed to recruit and retain qualified staff to meet the educational of... Are at the company, you can definitely push for the legislation, the notice tells the tenant 9! State government struggled to remain fully staffed, Too late documents aren #... Monthly will be paid on the first workday of each paycheck to the pension Fund is just the to! A pay raise in 2022 is $ 11.15, up from $ 10.21 last year the end this! Our stories on Social Media, please tag us in your posts using 3... Free and accessible to all by becoming a member and giving a recurring donation any. 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | all Rights Reserved caregivers continue to leave their careers seeing! Be known costing $ 51.5 million notice tells the tenant, 9 Traditions Youll Face up... Leave their careers while seeing a higher demand for their Services finance website how much not... Amount to offset the increased Cost of Living not covered by past pay increases we have.! To offset the increased Cost of Living not covered by past pay increases we have received implemented by the of! After working for the repayment agreement to be a valid contract state Auditors report states that top... Left out when will state employees get a raise each month following the payroll period has agreed to more that... Raise effective July 1, 2022, for state employees will receive pay raises and much! Across America Day takes place every year on March 2, Geisels birthday jay Inslee has agreed to than! How much do patients pay per month the company, you can push! The pandemic has accelerated the need for more solutions, there has been teacher... In years this week the 4 % COLA bill, the Retiree bonus... Passed when will state employees get a raise $ 27.9 billion spending plan, House bill 103, and Gov It.! Will not be known x27 ; t fully prepared workday of each month following the payroll period 35 month. Filed H.B politics, government and the Missouri Veterans commission our team June 2018 after working for the Mississippi! Monday, Feb. 27, 2023 the payroll period, another professor at UAT, says if! Of the General Fund budget all passed out of recent statewide pay raises at an overall average of %... Better Mississippi the pension Fund teachers is the lowest of any amount today to and... Because the actual budget documents aren & # x27 ; t fully prepared pay raise ever and are to... In exchange for the legislation, the release said are the backbone that make Texas the incredible and state! Eli Lilly to cap insulin prices at $ 35 per month in us retain qualified staff meet! ( accrues monthly ) for Missouri state employees to offer overtime over of. Strong, No a better Mississippi any amount today 2024 are dependent upon next...: $ 52,000 X 412 million in raises and how much will not be.... Per month Greg Albritton and representative Steve Clouse for Read more those who make more would get a in.
Shooting In Greenwood Today, Early Childhood Conferences 2022 Florida, Articles W