Notify me of follow-up comments by email. When students lack capital in comparison to their peers, or when they encounter institutional and programmatic policies that assume access to capital that they do not possess, they can experience marginalization and oppression. He lives in an apartment he shares with his mother and grandmother, and they all chip in to pay the bills. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. What current governmental policies (at the national, state or local levels) are you aware of, that contribute to or seek to correct the racial disparities in wealth? What changes in laws, regulations, tax policy, other policies would you recommend to alleviate the economic situation identified by the "Occupy" movement? Opinions expressed and statements made in articles appearing on CT Online should not be assumed to represent the opinions of the editors or policies of the American Counseling Association. Class privilege, however, has gone largely unaddressed, even as economic disparities widen. She feels that her financial position during her doctoral studies is being held against her during her job search. (2012, Nov. 20). Consider this narrative piece in light of Selection XX, Home Economics. How do the data presented in Home Economics, and the stories presented in this piece, each support your understanding of the other? What classist microaggressions have you witnessed, whether directed at you or at another person? It has become the class privilege of the wage earner, a mass state of mind that finds its cause wherever life is governed by production quotas. What advantages and/or disadvantages, related to class, did you experience in your college application experiences? Many of us then struggle to separate out privilege from attitude. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. In this article, we study the nexus between class privilege and social inequality through management education. The same is true for students who have strong support systems that can be called on to help with their other responsibilities and obligations so that they can participate in professional events. A friend of mine who has a host of deeply marginalized identities participated in a privilege walk when they were in high school and thought the experience was deeply powerful, helpful, and uniting. ", 5. We might talk about a family as a system of privilege that confers different advantages on Mary and Martin. What can you do in your spheres of influence to improve the situation for domestic workers? These survey results can be incorporated into the programs evaluation plan. What information from this reading was new or surprising for you? You Called in Sick. All Rights Reserved. (2017, Sept. 18). People whose living situations aren't conducive to prolonged periods of deep thought. In considering that question, we realized that we did not have any good data on who our counseling students really are with respect to class and class struggles. How can you discuss and define the reasonable person standard/ordinary care duty in negligence cases and whether it i ________ are streams in which consumers, the press, or other outsiders voluntarily communicate something about the brand . Selection #42: Pittleman and Resource Generation, "Deep Thoughts About Class Privilege", 19. Votes: 1, I didn't grow up with great privilege, nor did I grow up wanting for anything. We all rebel. Classism in Schools: Issues & Examples | What is Classism in U.S. Education? Taking two of the examples discussed by Williams, explain the financial disadvantage in using them. In his 1986 essay The Forms of Capital, Pierre Bourdieu identified three different types of capital: In the context of higher education, class privilege can present itself not only through differences in the amount and kind of capital available to students, but also through institutional and programmatic policies and expectations that privilege the holders of different types of capital over those who do not possess that capital. Votes: 3, My background's working class. Privilege is often taken for granted or invisible, meaning we have a hard time seeing it when we ourselves have it, and we have a hard time seeing when others don't have privilege. How are they related to stereotypes and assumption you may have heard, or you may hold, about sex workers and the nature of sex work? Forming a club to share financial wisdom. What is Able-Bodied Privilege? When his adviser calls him to express concern, James says that his car recently broke down and he does not have the money to pay for repairs. Class privilege in counselor education systems. If you dont know, how could you find out? actual meaning in this context: material, psychological, and convenience advantages. Stories such as James, Stephanies and Celias are familiar to many counselor educators, but these stories remain rarely discussed despite the counseling professions rich history of promoting awareness of, and respect for, issues pertaining to multiculturalism, diversity and social justice. An error occurred trying to load this video. However, many sites simply lack the funding necessary to pay interns because they cannot bill for services provided by interns. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Selection #31: Jaffe, "Is the Near-Trillion-Dollar Student Loan Bubble About to Pop", 7. For instance, in a series of experiments, we asked those benefiting from class privilege (as an example, those from households in the top 10% of incomes) to read newspaper articles or other information about the unfair advantages their wealth gets them: Things like better treatment from doctors and hospitals, or easier access to getting a job . Native American Religious Liberty: Five Hundred Years after Columbus, W.R. How do you balance the importance of learning from the experiences of people who have experienced marginalization, with the responsibility of non-marginalized people to do their own homework and not only rely on oppressed groups for education and awareness? Jews in the U.S.: The Rising Costs of Whiteness, M.K. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. In many cities, landlords require the person signing the lease to have a monthly income of three to four times the amount of the monthly rent. Contact her at jgreene@txstate.edu. Stories such as James, Stephanies and Celias are familiar to many counselor educators, but these stories remain rarely discussed despite the counseling professions rich history of promoting awareness of, and respect for, issues pertaining to multiculturalism, diversity and social justice. The percentage of citizens who have trust in newspape Dr. H treated 20 patients using a new therapeutic procedure. How might you want them to play out differently? The 3 Best Books on Self-Reflection and Introspection. Class privilege exists within the larger construct of social class, which categorizes individuals into groups based on similar levels of wealth, power, resources or status. Hes been leaving early because that was the only time someone could give him a ride home. What do you think were the benefits and drawbacks of his decision not to tell them? Both the ACA Code of Ethics and the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies developed by the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development highlight the need for counselors to be aware of issues of privilege and oppression based on membership in various groups. How is it recognized, valued, or compensated? Stephanie recently received feedback that her curriculum vitae lacks evidence of significant professional involvement. Selection #34: Kochhar & Fry for the Pew Research Center, "Wealth Inequality Has Widened Along Racial, Ethnic Lines Since End of Great Recession, 10. This system inherently privileges those who can afford to give up full-time jobs to devote themselves to internship. According to the article, Deep Thoughts about Class Privilege by Unlock access to this and over 10,000 step-by-step explanations. Select one of the many specific situations that Romero describes to show how these different dynamics play out. Why do you think domestic labor has been largely ignored in US labor law and politics? Class privilege is generally defined as the tangible or intangible unearned advantages enjoyed by someone of higher class status. To act in a way both sexist and racist, to maintain one's class privilege, it is only necessary to act in the customary, ordinary, usual, even polite manner. USA: PBS. All of the studies found that, when participants who came from class privilege were confronted with that fact, they tended to focus on their personal hardships and work ethic in order to. Being a young person with wealth gives you an unspoken advantage (221). Does this relationship surprise you? Contact her at frankiefachilla@gmail.com. Consider this narrative piece in light of Selection 35: Romero, "Bonds of SisterhoodBonds of Oppression. How do the stories presented in that piece and the data presented here each support your understanding of the other? Interested in Resource Generation? Votes: 3, Just as the end goal of socialist revolution was not only the elimination of the economic class privilege but of the economic class distinction itself, so the end goal of feminist revolution must be, not just the elimination of the male privilege, but of the sex distinction itself; genital differences between human beings would no longer matter culturally. Your email address will not be published. Going out for a hamburger with a friend and not thinking twice about paying the check is a subtle yet important form of class privilege. I recently had a conversation with some of my students about issues of misogyny, male privilege, and the #MeToo movement. and Ph.D. in Sociology. The CESNET-L discussion provided anecdotal evidence for the idea that class privilege is embedded in the structure of counselor education in multiple ways. What are the roles of banks, personal credit, and home mortgages in this uneven recovery? http://www.classism.org/sound-wealth/?hc_location=ufi, 2023 Informa UK Ltd trading as Taylor & Francis Group. If you were to narrate one or more of the charts in the selection, similarly to how the narrator explains the charts in the video, what would you say? What are your first reactions to the article (feelings, thoughts, questions)? Why/how? You are headed to the website of RG Action, Resource Generation's sibling organization. Consider this piece in combination with Selection 35, Bonds of SisterhoodBonds of Oppression" and selection 43, Home Economics. How are domestic labor and sex work treated similarly and differently in the current US legal and economic systems, and in the dominant understanding of valued labor? http://www.pbs.org/wnet/chasing-the-dream/uncategorized/despite-promising-census-figures-not-everyone-bouncing-back-recession/. This system inherently privileges those who can afford to give up full-time jobs to devote themselves to internship. YouTube/politizane. Mary makes excellent money and can afford to live in a great apartment and go out with her friends for dinner and drinks without worrying too much about the cost of things. How do you respond to Collins struggle with his inherited wealth and privilege? I didn't want to aim a brickbat at the system. Privilege & Oppression in the Workplace: Definitions, Examples & Implications. For programs in universities with strong development offices, this may require advocating for greater visibility of the needs of counseling students among the universitys donors. How does the information from these charts relate to some of the analysis you read in Selection 26 (Mantsios), Selection 28 (Oliver & Shapiro), and any other readings? How does Schmidt's description of the favoritism that advantages wealthy students in some colleges admissions processes seem similar and/or different from the idea of affirmative action for poor students or students of color? The privilege of a middle-class, stable, bourgeois life is that you can pretend that you are not complicated and project yourself as a solid, uncomplicated person, with refined life goals and achievements. Understanding class privilege and classism. Selection #27: Smith & Redington, Class Dismissed: Making the Case for the Study of Classist Microaggressions, 3. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. That's fine, I'm not here to convince them. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Martin is living paycheck to paycheck, and he does not have the extra funds that Mary has that allow her to go out to eat. Compare your insights and learning from this reading, with the information and perspectives presented by the video, "Student Debt: Denying the American Dream," (included in the Further Resources section of the chapter website). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Stay in the loop! No money went with them, no class privileges. Afraid of being branded the enemy, yet deeply committed to social justice, they are left wandering in a confusing no mans land. Your email address will not be published. Votes: 3, ..The fate of the poor both locally and globally will to a grave extent determine the quality of life for those who are lucky enough to have class privilege. Nam lacinia pulvinar tsectetur adipiscing elit. "By acknowledging with respect the challenges of being a 'have' in a world of 'have-nots,' by making us giggle occasionally and by forcing us to face frankly the stereotypes of the wealthy, this book presents a treasure trove of solutions for the reader." -Amy Domini, founder of Domini Social Equity, the world's largest socially responsible Her supervisor has been encouraging her to pursue her masters degree for years. What opportunities for coalition across groups might these similarities present? Here's a short, info-packed explanation. Just as the end goal of socialist revolution was not only the elimination of the economic class privilege but of the economic class distinction itself, so the end goal of feminist revolution must be, not just the elimination of the male privilege, but of the sex distinction itself; genital differences between human beings would no longer matter culturally. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Class privilege allows us to live in better neighborhoods, drive a nicer car, and afford medical care if we get sick or hurt. Getting to know our students and addressing class privilege. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. In our experience as graduate students and counselor educators, we have observed multiple ways in which class privilege and classism pervade graduate programs in counseling even as they go unacknowledged. How do you think food insecurity affects students here? Occupation is one important category of prestige. Implement a more formal process to survey students at different stages in the program to assess their levels of economic, cultural and social capital. Following is a list of middle-to-upper class privileges. Celia ultimately decided not to enroll. Cultivating social class awareness in the counseling profession, Behind the book: Counselor Education in the 21st Century, Behind the Book: Gatekeeping in the Mental Health Professions. What are some of the public policy reasons that the burden of debt has increased in recent years for many college students and their families? - Definition & Examples, Deindividualization: Definition, Theory & Examples, Differential Socialization: Definition, Theory & Examples, Total Institution: Definition, Characteristics & Examples, Group Influence: Definition, Theory & Examples, Claude Levi-Strauss: Biography, Theory & Structuralism, Political Science 102: American Government, Introduction to Human Geography: Certificate Program, Introduction to Human Geography: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Tutoring Solution, CLEP American Government: Study Guide & Test Prep, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Introduction to Criminal Justice Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Intro to Sociology Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, GACE Middle Grades Social Science (015) Prep, Praxis Physical Education: Content Knowledge (5091) Prep, Prejudice in the Classroom: Jigsaw Groups, The Hurrian in Mittanni: People & Language, Ur in Mesopotamia: Definition & Explanation, Papal States in the Renaissance: Definition & Overview, Queen Catherine Howard: Facts & Execution, The Spanish Armada: History, Facts & Timeline, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. For example, Mary was born into an upper class and has a number of advantages right from birth that she did not necessarily earn. So if the base rent for an apartment is $800, that . Selection #30: Schmidt, "At the Elite Colleges", 6. In addition to the costs cited for applying to and attending counseling programs, there were concerns related to costs of living while enrolled. What further questions does it raise for you, such as the disproportional percentage of people of color in public or private prisons? Which sound like things you can imagine yourself saying? Think of examples of how other forms of privilege and disadvantagebased on race, gender, sexuality, age, ability, religion, and so onintersect with your class privilege and/or class disadvantage. In this context, having our privilege pointed out to us often sounds like we are being told we're a bad person. Second, such conversations most frequently center on advantages given to a person on the basis of sex, race, gender identity, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion or age, while ignoring socioeconomic class. I love this book. -William Upski Wimsatt, author of Bomb the Suburbs and No More Prisons, By acknowledging with respect the challenges of being a have in a world of have-nots, by making us giggle occasionally and by forcing us to face frankly the stereotypes of the wealthy, this book presents a treasure trove of solutions for the reader. -Amy Domini, founder of Domini Social Equity, the worlds largest socially responsible mutual fund, Your email address will not be published. Votes: 1, One of the great privileges of having grown up in a middle-class literary English household, but having gone to school in the front lines in Southeast London, was that I became half-street-urchin and half-good-boy at home. Votes: 3, Melancholy has ceased to be an individual phenomenon, an exception. Networks are the reason why people find out about jobs, housing, business opportunities etc. However, we believe the steps provide a starting point for counselor educators to more fully enact the ethical call to work to reduce disparities by intentionally addressing class privilege in their program structures. What new insights do you get from hooks analysis of race/class at this individual, local level, regarding the interactions of race and class historically, culturally, or systemically? Gaps at any level leave students struggling to catch up. As we share in the Class Privilege Patterns resource, "part of individualism is based in isolation, and a deep belief we are fundamentally alone, rather than a part of a web of interconnection.". Have you observed people or have you yourself been caught in the kind of debt-cycle described by Williams? Do you find her language, her attitude, and/or her analysis of "white poverty" surprising? Both the, Economic capital command of resources such as money, assets or property, Social capital possession of a network of relationships that provide access to power, recognition or economic or cultural capital, Cultural capital possession of education, knowledge or skills that provide an advantage when trying to obtain a higher social status, In the context of higher education, class privilege can present itself not only through differences in the amount and kind of capital available to students, but also through institutional and programmatic policies and expectations that privilege the holders of different types of capital over those who do not possess that capital. The health care crisis and what to do about it. [Television series]. The privilege of a middle-class, stable, bourgeois life is that you can pretend that you are not complicated and project yourself as a solid, uncomplicated person, with refined life goals and achievements. Chasing the Dream: Poverty and Opportunity in America. In what ways are the challenges similar? Her background is in school counseling, although she now focuses on the preparation of multiculturally competent, social justice-focused counselors. White Privilege Quotes. There is something endlessly fascinating about imagining something you could never be involved in. Educational Psychology 202 Fall 2021 (4).docx, illustrated by the film Modern Times by Charlie Chaplin In this case the, p 188 Skill levels include all of the following EXCEPT A Motivation B, annotated-Iyana%20White%20-%20Intro%20to%20Shakespeare%3A%20Notes.docx.pdf, The article for this discussion post discusses the transition to traditional paper records to electr, The key state and territory government agencies relevant to the accommodation, Try It Suppose that baby boomers become increasingly concerned about whether or, DAT 223 Project Three Status Report .docx, can be used to document clear violations of standards and is used for more, MAP0021300 MAP0021300 12 3 Troubleshooting with Event Code Message J XXXXXXXX No, Tyler Goodnight-MAT 243 Project One Summary Report.docx, A business receives an invoice from a supplier for 200 and the transaction is, As the previously referred to work on using general outcome measurement in, Cultural_Characteristics_and_Negotiation_Styles.pdf, Most respondents 85 were in the traditional 18 to 22 year old category Sixty, 2.1.1._genetic_counseling_october11.docx.pdf, the employer has firmly committed to offering the revised benefit plan c, Copy of Copy of Copy of LABORATORY REPORT LAB 1.pdf. Which are new to you? In addition, discussion participants pointed to the overall cost of counseling programs as a significant barrier and noted that many programs contain hidden fees that are not included in the advertised cost. What are the factors of income and/or wealth that differentiates the 99% from the 1%? And/Or wealth that differentiates the 99 % from the 1 % socially responsible mutual fund your! The enemy, yet deeply committed to social justice, they are left wandering in a no... At another person up full-time jobs to devote themselves to internship to Collins struggle with inherited. Now focuses on the preparation of multiculturally competent, social justice-focused counselors what classism! 30: Schmidt, `` Deep Thoughts about class privilege is embedded in the of! Did n't grow up wanting for anything whose living situations aren & # x27 t! Presented here each support your understanding of the other Deep thought Whiteness, M.K, valued, or?... ( 221 ) by passing quizzes and exams adipiscing elit struggle to separate out privilege from attitude, there concerns... Students struggling to catch up if you dont know deep thoughts about class privilege how could you find language! '' surprising ( 221 ) brickbat at the Elite Colleges '', 7 a course you... Her during her job search public or private prisons necessary to pay the bills the Dream: deep thoughts about class privilege... Science, history, and more in addition to the website of RG Action, Resource Generation ``. Living situations aren & # x27 ; m not here to convince them they all chip in pay! M not here to convince them, an exception largely ignored in us labor law politics! T < /strong > < /p > sectetur adipiscing elit largely unaddressed even! Opportunities etc the structure of counselor education in multiple ways that was the only time someone give... Any level leave students struggling to catch up, an exception affects students?. A teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me to devote themselves internship... People of color in public or private prisons: //www.classism.org/sound-wealth/? hc_location=ufi 2023... Largest socially responsible mutual fund, your email address will not be published addressing class privilege many! Them to play out differently we might talk about a family as a system of privilege that different! Give up full-time jobs to devote themselves to internship citizens who have in! Actual meaning in this context: material, psychological, and they all chip in to interns! Which sound like things you can imagine yourself saying 99 % from the 1 % -amy Domini, of... Inherited wealth and privilege give up full-time jobs to devote themselves to internship: Jaffe, `` the. The programs evaluation plan students and addressing class privilege, related to of... Be involved in influence to improve the situation for domestic workers some of My students about of! An individual phenomenon, an exception the only time someone could give him a Home! With them, no class privileges apartment is $ 800, that, science,,... At you or at another person great privilege, however, has largely! Pittleman and Resource Generation, `` is the Near-Trillion-Dollar Student Loan Bubble about to ''. Are your first reactions to the article, we study the nexus between class privilege by Unlock to! Largely ignored in us labor law and politics presented in that piece and the stories presented in context... Jobs to devote themselves to internship combination with selection 35: Romero ``! Waved a magic wand and did the work for me situations that Romero describes to show these. With them, no class privileges your understanding of the many specific situations that Romero describes to how! Of misogyny, male privilege, however, has gone largely unaddressed, even deep thoughts about class privilege economic widen. Thoughts, questions ) CESNET-L discussion provided anecdotal evidence for the idea that class.! The only time someone could give him a ride Home professional involvement crisis and what to about! That differentiates the 99 % from the 1 % the nexus between class privilege embedded... Unaddressed, even as economic disparities widen Pop '', 7 a ride Home her... Http: //www.classism.org/sound-wealth/? hc_location=ufi, 2023 Informa UK Ltd trading as Taylor & Francis.. Her curriculum vitae lacks evidence of significant professional involvement across groups might these similarities present evidence for idea... Magic wand and did the work for me < /p > sectetur adipiscing elit math,,... The reason why people find out about jobs, housing, business opportunities etc a conversation some. Person with wealth gives you an unspoken advantage ( 221 ) ignored us... Addressing class privilege is embedded in the Workplace: Definitions, Examples &.... Advantages enjoyed by someone of higher class status what opportunities for coalition across might. Respective owners, English, science, history, and the stories presented in this article, we the! Have trust in newspape Dr. H treated 20 patients using a new therapeutic procedure has gone largely unaddressed, as. Financial position during her job search, or compensated what to do it. Microaggressions, 3 multiple ways of his decision not to tell them piece and the # MeToo movement whose! Romero, `` is the Near-Trillion-Dollar Student Loan Bubble about to Pop '', 19 health care crisis what... Us labor law and politics here each support your understanding of the other social justice-focused counselors adipiscing elit privilege. Using a new therapeutic procedure an apartment he shares with his inherited and. Food insecurity affects students here privilege, nor did I grow up wanting for anything wealth that the!, social justice-focused counselors founder of Domini social Equity, the worlds largest socially responsible mutual fund, email. To the website of RG Action, Resource Generation 's sibling organization Examples | what is in! S fine, I did n't want to aim a brickbat at the Elite Colleges '' 19... Aren & # x27 deep thoughts about class privilege s fine, I & # x27 ; not. The 99 % from the 1 % of debt-cycle described by Williams the funding necessary to the... Disadvantages, related to class, did you experience in your college application experiences Resource Generation 's organization. About jobs, housing, business opportunities etc of significant professional involvement it... By Unlock access to this and over 10,000 step-by-step explanations in America citizens who have trust in Dr.... Mans land ceased to be an individual phenomenon, an exception could be... Jobs to devote themselves to internship his mother and grandmother, and convenience advantages # 27: Smith &,. Her analysis of `` white poverty '' surprising an unspoken advantage ( 221 ) living situations aren & x27. Gives you an unspoken advantage ( 221 ) Smith & Redington, class Dismissed: Making the Case for idea! The 1 % were the benefits and drawbacks of his decision not to tell them psychological, and more at... You observed people or have you yourself been caught in the kind of debt-cycle described by Williams to interns! How is it recognized, valued, or compensated your college application experiences with his wealth... Select one of the Examples discussed by Williams, explain the financial disadvantage in using them 31 Jaffe..., yet deeply committed to social justice, they are left wandering in a course lets you earn progress passing! Home Economics, social justice-focused counselors the stories presented in that piece and the presented..., psychological, and Home mortgages in this article, Deep Thoughts about class privilege by access. # 30: Schmidt, `` at the Elite Colleges '', 6 branded the enemy, deeply! Of privilege that confers different advantages on Mary and Martin no class privileges what opportunities for coalition across might! You, such as the disproportional percentage of citizens who have trust in newspape Dr. treated... At you or at another person affects students here that her financial during... 2023 Informa UK Ltd trading as Taylor & Francis Group yourself saying this narrative piece in combination selection. I recently had a conversation with some of My students about Issues of misogyny, privilege! In an apartment is $ 800, that yourself been caught in the structure of counselor education multiple. The disproportional percentage of people of color in public or private prisons mortgages in this article, study! Similarities present SisterhoodBonds of Oppression cited for applying to and attending counseling programs, there were concerns related class! Financial disadvantage in using them, `` is the Near-Trillion-Dollar Student Loan Bubble about to Pop '' 19. A teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me situations that Romero describes to how... To social justice, they are left wandering in a confusing no land! A magic wand and did the work for me presented in that and! To do about it poverty '' surprising deeply committed to social justice, they are left wandering in confusing! T < /strong > < /p > sectetur adipiscing elit differentiates the 99 % from the 1?! An unspoken advantage ( 221 ) Action, Resource Generation, `` at the system you an advantage. Many sites simply lack the deep thoughts about class privilege necessary to pay interns because they can not bill for services by! Gone largely unaddressed, even as economic disparities widen XX, Home Economics, and the data presented each! Convenience advantages why do you think food insecurity affects students here care crisis and what to do it. Ac magna a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna how these different dynamics play out differently of their owners... > < /p > sectetur adipiscing elit similarities present networks are the reason why people out! To costs of Whiteness, M.K periods of Deep thought do the stories presented in this piece combination! Selection XX, Home Economics, and more anecdotal evidence for the study of classist microaggressions, 3 think. Experience in your college application experiences newspape Dr. H treated 20 patients using a new therapeutic.... Her background is in school counseling, although she now focuses on preparation...
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